By: Keeley Coleman, Alexis Brown, Kyle Chapman, Jenna Verrone, Andrew Patrick and Megan Hill 3 rd period 12/1/10

 Militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to state and obedience to leader  No clear defined theory or program  Extreme form of nationalism  Nations must struggle, peaceful states would be conquered  Authoritarian leader guided and brought order to state

 Had certain color uniforms, special salutes, held mass rallies  Denied individual rights  Nationalists  Believed each class in society had a place and function  Fascists included: aristocrats and industrialists, war vets, low middle class

 Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini a newspaper editor and politican promised to rescue Italy.  He vowed to give Italy strong leadership.  Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in  His popularity increased as economic conditions worsened.  Mussolini finally critized Italy’s government.

 Fascist groups wearing black shirts attacked communists and socialists on the streets.  Mussolini began to win support from the middle class, because he played the fear of workers revolt.  30,000 Fascists marched in Rome and demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of government.  Mussolini took power “legally”.  Mussolini was now II Duce or the leader.

 Mussolini abolished democracy.  He outlawed all political parties except the Fascists.  Secret police jailed his opponents.  Government censors forced radio stations to broadcast only Fascist doctrines.  Mussolini sought to control the economy

 Mussolini came to power by promising to revive the economy and build the nation’s armed forces  Once in power he created the secret police and restricted the people in almost all areas.  The secret police were know as “the Black Shirts.”  They were recruited at an early age, of only boys.  Boys ages 4-8 in the Black shirts were known as the Sons of the She wolf  8-14, they were the Balilla and at  they were the Avanguardista.  Mussolini was cruel in his strategies and had the nation’s population and power in mind, not the people.

 All Italians had to obey all of Mussolini’s orders  People had little control over society  Those who opposed the state were brutally punished  Secret Police were strict and carried out all of Mussolini’s wishes  Education was important and the boys were taught to become part of the secret police at an early age  Personal life was very restricted  Women’s only role was to get married and have as many children as possible

 Fascist believed that nations must struggle.  peaceful nations were doomed to be conquered.  Things that led to fascism in Italy:  Fascism’s rise in Italy was fueled by the disappointment over failing to gain big territory at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.  Rising inflation and unemployment

 Their democratic government seemed unable to solve country’s problems.

 In 1940–41 Mussolini's armies, badly supplied and poorly led, suffered defeats from Europe across the Mediterranean to the African continent.  Italy lost its war in 1942; Mussolini's power collapsed six months later.

 Restored as Hitler's puppet in northern Italy in 1943, he drove Italy deeper into invasion, occupation, and civil war during 1944 and  The end approached, Mussolini struggled to survive.  Executed by a firing squad, April 28, 1945, Dongo in Como province.

 Mussolini (Italy) became allies w/ Hitler  Did not do good in war  Got rid of Mussolini  Withdrew from alliance w/ Germany  Signed armistice w/ allies

 Germany seized control of Italy and took supplies  Allies slowly pushed Germany out of Italy in Italian campaign.  Viewed as a weak country  Due to poor equipment and ineffective political leadership

 Nearly four million Italians served in the Italian Army during the Second World War and nearly half a million Italians (including civilians) died between June 1940 and May  Nearly 60,000 Italian POWs died in Nazi labour camps, while nearly 20,000 perished in Allied Prisoner of War.

 Italy was required to pay $360,000,000, shared chiefly between Greece, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union Yugoslavia  Italy lost all of their colonies  Industry and infrastructure had to be rebuilt over years.  Completely rid Italy of ideas of becoming a major power.  The country was impoverished.

1. Personal Life was… A. Free B. Restricted C. Private 2. Fascism… A. Denied individual rights B. Respected individual rights C. All rights were equal 3. What was Benito’s full name ? A. Benito Massalini B. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini C. Benito Care

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 Multiple choice: 1. B. Restricted 2. A. Denied individual rights 3. B. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini  Short answer: