DNA TEST STUDY GUIDE

1. What is this a picture of? Nucleotides

2. If a sample of DNA were found to contain 20 percent cytosine, what percentage of adenine would be in this sample?WHY? Cytosine always pairs with guanine, so the percentage of guanine would also be 20 percent. Adenine pairs with Thymine so the percentage would be 30%.

3. Describe how a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself. The DNA molecule first splits down the middle, separating the paired bases. Then the bases on each strand pair up with other nucleotides according to Chargaff’s rules.Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. This process creates two identical DNA molecules.

4. Short Essay Where is it worse to have a mutation, on a strand of DNA or a strand of your RNA? Why? Vocabulary to use mutation, DNA, RNA, transcription, translation to amino acid and protein

5. Understand a complementary strand of DNA sequence Apply Chargaff’s law

6. A code for a given amino acid consists of how many bases? three

7. What materials make up each nucleotide in a DNA molecule? A sugar, phosphate and a base

8. Which is NOT a step in making a protein? Transfer molecules deliver amino acids to the nucleus

9. What can cause a mutation in DNA? X Rays Ultraviolent radiation Radioactivity

10. What does a group of three bases code for the production of? One amino acid

11. What can cause sickle cell anemia? A change in the order of bases in a person’s DNA

12. In DNA there are four types of? bases

13. What part of the DNA molecule attaches to amino acids? bases

14. What is the molecule shown below?

15. Show how to break down a DNA sequence into codons. Remember groups of three

16. What does this illustration represent? A helical DNA molecule

17. What does this illustration represent? Protein

18. Understand the difference between mutations Deletion Insertion Substitution