Ch 5 – Prenatal Care Child Growth and Development

Fact of Fiction?  ancy-quiz1.htm ancy-quiz1.htm

Signs of Pregnancy  Presumptive signs  Either signs of pregnancy OR signs of a medical condition  Positive signs  Signs that are definitely caused by pregnancy

Presumptive Signs  Amenorrhea (menstruation stops)  Nausea  Tiredness  Frequency of urination  Swelling and tenderness of the breasts  Skin discoloration  Internal changes  Other signs

Positive Signs  Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)  Fetal heartbeat  Fetal movement  Fetal image  Fetal shape  Uterine contractions

Pregnancy Tests  Home tests or laboratory tests work by detecting a hormone (HcG) that is present only in women who are pregnant  Generally, around 97-99% accuracy one week after a missed period

Medical Care  Why?  To make childbearing safe and successful  Obstetrician- doctors who specialize in pregnancy and birth

First Prenatal Appointment  First prenatal appointment is the longest prenatal appointment. It sets a foundation for medical care throughout the pregnancy  gather health history  complete physical exam  check blood pressure

First Prenatal Appointment  blood test to test for Rh factor, anemia, and STIs  urine sample taken to check for kidney infections and gestational diabetes  Pap smear to check for STIs and cervical cancer  give estimate of due date  give advice on health habits to follow in pregnancy

Frequency of Doctor Appointments # of months pregnant# of doctors visits 0-7 monthsonce a month 8 months every two weeks 9 months every week

Factors That Affect the Baby’s Health  Mother’s age  Rh factor  Mother’s physical health  Mother’s emotional health

Mother’s Age  Most ideal time between 21–28 years  Teens are high-risk mothers-to-be  tend to have babies who are premature, have low birthweights, have disabilities, or are born dead premature low birthweights  Women over 36 have higher rate of babies with health problems and disabilities

Rh Factor  Rh factor is a protein substance found in red blood cells of about 85% of the population Rh factor  Problems if father is Rh+, mother Rh-  12% of all marriages  Does not affect first Rh+ unborn  antibodies form to combat foreign Rh+  Anti-Rh-immune globulin vaccine

Mother’s Physical Health  Healthy weight for age, height, and body type  Good eating habits  Regular physical activity

Mother’s Emotional Health  When a mother is happy and relaxed,  adrenaline level is low  heartbeat and breathing are slow  muscles are relaxed  When a mother is under stress, heartbeat and muscle tension increases in both mother and baby

Write a letter to your future self about the importance of good health habits during pregnancy. State specific things your need to do and change.

Health Habits During Pregnancy  Nutrition  Weight gain  Rest and sleep  Physical activity

Nutrition  By the twelfth week, baby completely depends on mother for food  Cells need proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins  Follow the food guidance system developed by the USDA  Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water  Limit caffeine intake

Weight Gain  Between 25–35 pounds  More for multiples  40–45 pounds for twins  Exact amount depends on height and pre-pregnancy weight

Where does the weight come from?  Baby 7.5 pounds  Uterus2.0 pounds  Placenta1.5 pounds  Amniotic Fluid2.0 pounds  Blood3.5 pounds  Breast Growth1.5 pounds  Fat and Protein 4.0 pounds  Fluid Retention4.0 pounds Average weight gain26 pounds

Rest and Sleep  Eight to nine hours of sleep a night  One 15- to 30-minute rest (with or without sleep) during the day

Physical Activity  Activity helps  keep weight within normal limits  strengthens muscles women use in delivery  increases energy  relieves tension  Avoid contact sports, activities that jolt the pelvic region, and activities that could result in falls

Health Hazards to Avoid  Diseases or illnesses in the mother  Drugs  recreational and prescription  Radiation exposure  medical X-rays should be avoided  Environmental pollution  lead, chemicals, pesticides, herbicides

Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother  Diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to use sugar properly Diabetes  gestational diabetes affects women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy  Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) is high blood pressure caused by pregnancy Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH)  referred to as preeclampsia or toxemia

Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infectious illnesses that are passed primarily through sexual intercourse Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)  also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)  acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Drugs  Medications  prescribed  over-the-counter  dietary supplements  herbal products  Alcohol  fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)  Nicotine  Illegal drugs

Complications  Congenital problem is a physical or biochemical problem present since birth Congenital problem  Pre-term birth is before 37 weeks of pregnancy Pre-term birth  Miscarriage is the expulsion of the baby before 20 weeks of pregnancy Miscarriage  stillbirth is the loss of the fetus after 20 weeks of pregnancy stillbirth

Complications  Ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tubes  Too much amniotic fluid  Too little amniotic fluid  Bleeding in late pregnancy  Placenta abruptio (placenta detaches from uterus)  Placenta previa (placenta over cervix)  Pregnancy-induced hypertension

Monitoring the Baby’s Development  Blood test given at 12 weeks is called a triple-screen  measures AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), and estriol (protein found during pregnancy)  screens for neural tube defects, Down syndrome, and severe abnormalities  Other blood tests screen for STIs and gestational diabetes

Monitoring the Baby’s Development  Ultrasound produces an image of the fetus inside the womb Ultrasound  checks for structural abnormalities  used at any time  safe and routine

Month-by-Month Pregnancy Activity  Nine groups – 1 group for each month of pregnancy. Use the same month as before.  Must include:  an overall description of what occurs during that month  At least five facts  At least 3 pictures  Must be neat and professional. Take your time and make it look good! You will be presenting these.

FAS In what ways do the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome baby and Drug Addicted baby act and look different from a normal baby? After seeing the effects of FAS, what would you do if you saw a pregnant woman drinking?   feature=related (3:03) feature=related