Personality Psychology Unit 3

What is personality? The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person.

Brainstorm In your notes, write down at least 8 words AND draw at least 3 pictures to describe your personality. Share with your neighbor Similarities? Differences?

Purpose of Personality Theories Provide a way of organizing the many characteristics you know about yourself and others. To explain the differences between individuals To explore how people conduct their lives To determine how life can be improved

Personality Project Part 1: Project Packet Each day we will complete pages of the project packet Homework points for each completed on time Part 2: ProductWill be discussed later in the unit Use Part 1 to complete Part 2

Today Supplies at the Front of the Room & By the Inbox Complete the Title page by using your Brainstorm Ideas. In the circle, sketch a picture that represents you (a shape, favorite object, emoticon, etc.) On each of the 5 spokes list 1 word that describes you (outgoing, ambitious, athletic, etc.) Complete the Information Page (page 2) Complete the My Survey Pages (pages 3-5)

Psychoanalytical Theories

Freud and the Unconscious Experiences, especially childhood, stored in unconscious Although not consciously awareinfluence our behavior

Freud’s Model: 3 Parts of the Unconscious The Id = what you want to do Part that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material The Ego = what you can do Part that is in touch with reality and socially acceptable The Superego = what you should do Par t that has the conscience and tries to counteract the socially inappropriate desires of the id

How does this affect our personality? Conflicts between the id & superego The ego must satisfy the pleasure demands of the id without offending the morality of superego If… Id is not satisfied: longing, anger, or desire Superego is not obeyed: guilty and inferior Ego ignored: real outcomes can take place like starvation of dislike by other people

Defense Mechanisms

Defense Mechanism What the ego unconsciously uses to protect itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances All ppl resort to this bc the ego’s job is so difficult If the demands of the id and the superego cannot be resolveddistort reality

Defense Mechanism Defends the ego from experiencing anxiety about failing in its tasks. Necessary (to some degree) for psychological well-being defense mechanisms certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances Freud believed that these defense mechanisms stem mainly from the unconscious part of the ego.

Defense Mechanism Activity Count off by 8s Pick a Defense Mechanism out of a hat Read AND take notes on that Defense Mechanism in the textbook (p. 380-381) In your groups, create a mini-skit (about 1-2 minutes long) about your Defense Mechanism Elect a group leader who can describe the Defense Mechanism to the class after the skit

Today Complete My Defense Mechanism (p. 8) in Project Packet Checked tomorrow for homework points

Adler & Birth Order

Freud’s Followers Carl Jung Alfred Adler

Carl Jung Started off as Freud’s closet associate Argued over 2 points: Positive view of human nature 2 unconsciouses the personal and the collective (archetypes)

Alfred Adler Associate of Freudleft to form his own personality theory Adler’s Personality Theory: Inferiority complex: a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source (compensating for weaknesses)

How does it apply to us? Adler said: Children first feel inferior bc they are little and dependent on parents As they learn to do things for themselves like hold a spoon or tie their shoes, they learn a pattern of overcoming inadequacies that persists throughout life (lifestyles)

Birth Order Theory Adler believed the way parents treat children influences the styles of life they choose Overpampering self-centered person who expects others to do things for them Neglected lack confidence Ideal learn self-reliance & courage from father, generosity & empathy from mother Sometimes had to do with the order in which a child was born

Celebrity Birth Order Activity Complete the green sheet according to Adler’s Theory of Birth Order Go Over as a Class Complete My Birth Order page 9finish for Homework

Learning Theories

Behaviorism Study of ONLY observable behavior Exact opposite of psychoanalytical theories Why? Personalities are LEARNED based on experiences

Contingencies of Reinforcement What you get (advantages) from certain behaviors Conditions that make a behavior more likely to happen

Contingencies of Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement adding (+) something you want to encourage a behavior Ex: When I clean  my room, I get to go out with friends.  the thing that I want is to go out with friends - so I clean my room. Negative Reinforcement subtracting (-) something you DON'T want to encourage a behavior Ex: When I work during my study hall, I don't have work to take home.  The thing that I don't want is homework so I use my time wisely.

Today Reinforcing My Personality page 10 Using 3 of the 5 characteristics on the front let’s discuss what are possible reinforcements for each of them.

Observational Learning A person acquires new behavior by watching the actions of another person

Personality Development Cognitive-Personal Factors: beliefs, values, emotional make up, and genetic influences Behaviors: our actions Environmental Factors: personal experiences, and social, political cultural influences Personality Development

Differences from Psychoanalytical Theories? Psychoanalytical theories: influence of childhood experiences, irrational thoughts, unconscious forces Learning theories: focus on concrete actions that can be tested and measured Critics of Learning Theories: Does not explain personality Does not give enough attention to emotions, childhood experiences, or genetic make-up of a person

Today Complete Observational Learning in the Yellow Packet (page 11) Choose 3 behaviors that you display on a daily basis that may be caused by observational learning (imitation)

Humanistic Psychology

What is Humanistic Psychology? Emphasizes personal growth and achievements of people How does it differ from behaviorism and psychoanalysis? Psycho: influenced by instincts Behavior: influenced by rewards and punishments Stresses our ability to create and live by personal standardsthinks the other 2 demeans humans

Self-Actualization The realization of our potential as unique individuals

Today Textbook page 393 Characteristics of Self-Actualized People Complete page 12 in Yellow Packet