UNCTAD Enterprise Development Branch

2 Mission Statement To assist enterprises to realize their trade and investment opportunities.

3 How the Mission is accomplished…. By building institutional capacity at the country level so that developing countries can assist their enterprises to survive and compete in the global economy.

4 Activities Engages in research on best practices Promotes inter-governmental consensus on policies and programmes Assures policy coherence at the national and international levels Undertakes technical cooperation activities

Organigram of the Branch Enterprise Development Enterprise Policies Enterprise Capacity Building Financial Services & Governance Policy coherence National Strategies Accounting / Reporting Corporate Governance Special Projects EMPRETEC

6 Enterprise Policies - National strategies Identification of effective private sector development strategies –Public-private sector dialogue : building awareness/commitment/partnership. Business development services –One stop shop (EMPRETEC) –Networking / South-South cooperation –Disadvantaged entrepreneurs : Women, Rural Financing SMEs –Obstacles to commercial bank lending –Implementing Monterrey Consensus –Combining business & financial services Technology transfer for SMEs –Financing technology –Acquiring technology via interfirm cooperation Business linkages Clustering

7 Enterprise Policies - Policy coherence Interface between national strategies and WTO, IMF, BIS requirements

8 EMPRETEC Purpose : Contribute to the development of a dynamic private sector 5 Stages: Formal request, Consensus with the Government, Initial implementation of ENC, Final implementation of ENC, Project Maturity- ENC5 Stages: Map of countries where EMPRETEC installedMap of countries Products & Services South-South Cooperation Impacts

9 EMPRETEC Installation phases Phase IFormal request for an Empretec project and initial discussions; Phase IIProgramming mission, assessment of national SME sector, consensus withGovernment, identification of counterpart, drafting of project document; Phase IIIRecruitment of staff, including the director, establishment of Advisory Board, initial core activities; Phase IV Operationalization of full project, putting in place basic training and services, certification of local trainers, setting up a national association of participants; Phase VMaturity of project, offering customized training and other services, progress toward financial self- sustainability, establishing of legal entity (e.g. foundation, association).

Operational Empretec Centers

11 EMPRETEC Products & Services Entrepreneurship Training Workshop (ETW) Intrapreneurship Agrotech Iniciativa PROEX Financial services Business linkages Women entrepreneurs

12 South-South cooperation Brazil  Angola, Guyana, Jordan, Mozambique, Romania, Palestinian Territory (core activities) Chile  Argentina (Business Plan training) Colombia  Argentina, Chile, Venezuela (Agrotech) Ethiopia & Zimbabwe  Uganda (core activities) Ghana  Enterprise Africa (core activities) Ghana  Ethiopia, Guyana (ETW) Uruguay  El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama (core activities) Uruguay  Argentina, Panama (PROEX) Uruguay  El Salvador, Ethiopia, Morocco,Zimbabwe (Iniciativa)

13 Empretec impact via MED2000 CountryProgramme start year No.of ETWs No.of Participants Ethiopia Jordan Morocco Palestinian Territory Uganda

14 EMPRETEC in Latin America (cumulative figures until Feb 2003) CountryYearPhaseETWParticipantsTrainers Argentina1989V491,0576 Brazil1992V2,24456, Chile1990V631,5603 Colombia1996V El Salvador2000IV Guatemala2001III71563 Panama2000IV Uruguay1989V731,6039 Venezuela1993V379605

15 EMPRETEC in Africa (cumulative figures until Feb 2003) CountryYearPhaseETWParticipantsTrainers Ethiopia1999V Ghana1990V Morocco1998IV Mozambique2000IV Senegal2001III2602 Uganda1999IV Zimbabwe1992V

16 EMPRETEC in other parts of the world (cumulative figures until Feb 2003) CountryYearPhaseETWParticipantsTrainers Jordan2001III2404 Palestinian Territory 2001III1294 Romania2002IV41206

17 Special Projects Business linkages Women entrepreneurs Corporate social responsibility

18 Financial Services & Governance ECOSOC mandate Bangkok mandate ISAR (members)

19 ECOSOC mandate Concerned about the lack of adequate disclosure, reliability and comparability of financial reports by TNCs: –July 1972, convoked a “group of high-ranking independent experts” or the group of “Eminent Persons” In July 1975 the Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (GEISAR) was established Based on the Recommendations of the predecessor ad hoc expert group, ECOSOC, established the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) as a standing expert group.Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR)

20 ISAR mandate  make a positive contribution to standard-setting at the national and regional level  take appropriate action to ensure the comparability of disclosure by transnational corporations serve as an international body for the consideration of issues of accounting and reporting review developments in the field of international accounting and reporting; including the work of standard-setting bodies concentrate on establishing priorities (of work) taking into account the needs of home and host countries, particularly those of developing countries.

21 Bangkok mandate As per Bangkok Plan of Action (2000) paragraph 122, –UNCTAD should promote increased transparency and financial disclosure by encouraging the use of internationally recognized accounting, reporting and auditing standards and improved corporate governance. UNCTAD should develop appropriate technical cooperation programmes in this field.

22 ISAR membership RegionNo. Of seatsVacancies Africa91 Asia71 Latin America and Caribbean 64 Eastern Europe31 Western Europe and other regions 96 Total3413

23 Main areas of work of ISARISAR Transparency/accountability/comparability Accounting by SMEs Corporate governance / Disclosures Corporate social responsibility Environmental accounting & reporting Social accounting & reporting Capacity building Guidelines on professional qualifications Role and responsibility of auditors