Chapter Ten - Serology FRSC 8104 Criminalistics II Professor Bensley

FRSC 8104 – Serology Objectives 1.Describe the basic components of blood 2.Convey the techniques for collecting and preserving blood evidence at a crime scene. 3.List and describe various forensic tests used to characterize a stain as blood. 4.Understand the concept of antigen- antibody interaction and how it is applied to the origin determination of blood.

FRSC 8104 – Serology Objectives 5.List the A-B-O antigens and antibodies found in the blood for each of the four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. 6.Understand and describe how whole blood is typed. 7.Describe the structure of components of semen and understand the laboratory tests used to characterize seminal stains. 8.Understand the concept of “secretor” status and explain the relevance of such in forensic casework. 9.Calculate basic population genetic problems from forensic casework scenarios.

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline I.Introduction A.What is serology? B.Three main goals of Forensic Serology C.What is proteomics? II.Blood A.Formed Elements 1.Erythrocytes (RBC) 2.Leukocytes (WBC) a.Lymphocytes b.Monocytes c.Granulocytes 3.Platelets

B.Fluid (Native Plasma) 1.Serum = Plasma - fibrinogen FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline C.Collection of Blood Evidence D.Factors Affecting Blood Evidence E.Presumptive Tests for Blood 1.Introduction – Catalytic Tests 2.General Reaction 3.False positives and False negatives 4.Color Tests a.Kastle-Meyer b.Tetramethylbenzidine c.Leucomalachite Green

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline 5.Other Presumptive Tests a.Chemiluminescent Tests (Luminol) b.Fluorescent Tests (Fluorescein) eams.com/ABPD/Invest igation.htm

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline F.Confirmatory Tests for Blood 1.Crystal Tests a.Takayama Test

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline III.Antigens and Antibodies, Etc. A.Antigens 1.Definition 2.Types 3.Requirements B.Antibodies 1.Definition 2.Types 3.Structure 4.Classes C.Antigen/Antibody Reactions D.Antisera

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline Antiserum - noun plural noun: antisera a blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, injected to treat or protect against specific diseases.

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline IV.Origin Determination Examinations A.False Positives B.False Negatives C.Ring Precipitin Test -syllabus.html

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline D.Ouchterlony Double Diffusion

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline V.Blood Group Systems A.ABO System 1.Introduction 2.Genetics about_blood/blood_types.html

FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline VI.Body Fluids A.Seminal Fluid 1.Pipeline Effect a.Pre-Sperm – Cowper’s Gland b.Sperm-Rich – Prostate Gland c.Post-Sperm – Seminal Vasicular Secretion 2.Spermatozoa a.Morphology b.Production c.Their Fate

CHRISTMAS TREE STAIN FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline Nuclear Fast Red and Picroindigocarmine (green)

3.Seminal Plasma 4.Prostatic Acid Phosphatase a.Introduction b.Testing Procedures 5.Choline 6.Spermine a.Barberios Test 7.P30 (PSA) FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline

B.Saliva 1.Introduction 2.Secretors vs. Non-Secretors 3.Formation a.Parotid Gland b.Submandibular (Submaxillary) Gland c.Sublingual Glands 4.Composition 5.Functions 6.Testing a.Amylase – Phedebas Test FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline

C.Secretor System D.Lewis System 1.Introduction 2.Genetics E.Urine 1.Composition 2.Properties 3.Testing Procedures FRSC 8104 – Serology Outline