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 Tropical Rainforest  Temperate Deciduous Forests  Taiga  Savanna  Steppe + Prairie = Grassland  Chaparrel  Desert  Tundra  Ponds & Lakes  Wetland = Marsh, Swamp  Rivers, Estuaries  Oceans = Coral Reefs  Polar Ecosystems

Freshwater Ecosystems  Salinity <0.5 ppt.  Lake are the deepest of fresh water systems  Lakes are fed by underground aquifer or stream  Ponds are fed by rainfall and may be seasonal

 Sun can reach bottom  Fed by rainfall  May be seasonal  Algae and plants throughout Microscopic Animals and Algae

Lakes and ponds—Abiotic Factors Littoral zone: nutrient rich area found close to shore Benthic zone: bottom of the lake where no sunlight can reach.

 Plants are floating algae and plants along shoreline  Animals live in or near water Lakes and ponds: Plants and Animals Adaptations

Threats to lakes and ponds All water systems are being polluted and degraded by human impact

 A place where plants grow in soil or mud that is soaked with water. There are many different types of wetlands, from mangrove swamps to bogs and marshes.  You can find Wetlands anywhere the conditions are right, from the Arctic to the equator.  Small areas dotted within other biomes, but some can be as large as a whole country.  Very important for wildlife… are 2 nd to Tropical Rainforests

 Peace- Athabasca Delta, Canada  Prairie potholes, USA and Canada  USA (Mississippi Delta, Everglades)  Palo Verde Refuge, Costa Rica  Amazon Basin  Bharatpur, India  Tian Shan Marshes, China  Sundarbans India and Bangladesh  Yangtze River Delta, China  Hudson Bay Lowlands Canada  Pantanal Brazil and Paraguay  Llanos, Venzuela  Inland Niger Delta, Mali  Camargue, France  Congo Basin, Congo  Okavango Delta Botswana  Nile Delta, Egypt  Murray-Darling Basin, Austrailia

Emergents- plants that have roots and stems underwater but leaves in the air  Moss (Sphagunum)  Giant Lily  Reeds, Bulrushes  Lotus  Carnivorous Plants  Mangroves  Rice plants

Kingdom Animalia  INVERTEBRATES: Animals that do not have backbones.  ARTHROPODS (Phylum, Arthropoda): Invertebrates that are covered by an exoskeleton and have several pairs of rigid, jointed legs.  SUBPHYLUM Crustaceans: Arthropods with two pairs of antennae; most live in the water. Shrimp, Barnacles, Crabs, Lobster Chelicerates: Arthropods with a body divided into two parts; they do not have antennae. Arachnids, Sea Spiders, Horseshoe Crabs Uniramians: Arthropods with a single pair of antennae and pairs of unbranched legs Centipedes, Millipedes, Insects  Kingdom Animalia Vertebrates: Chordates Amphibians & Reptiles Birds Mammals

Uses: Animal/plant homes Carbon “sink” Water recharge areas, removing pollutants Types: Brackish and freshwater

 Very shallow with land occasionally exposed  Saturated soil  Low oxygen in water and soil  Emergent plants Heron

Location: Found on flat, poorly drained land, often near streams

Bogs - sphagnum moss is dominant

Threats to Wetlands Previous backfilling and clearing for farmland or development has been a concern. ome/aquatic.html

Rivers At headwaters, usually cold and highly oxygenated. As it flows, it will broaden out, warm up and this completely changes the biota you’ll find!

River: Plant and Animal Adaptations Will vary based on where in the river they are…at the headwaters, organisms need to hang on! downloads.com

Threats to Rivers Industry uses water to dispose of waste products Runoff from homes and other places causes changes in acidity, pollution, etc. Dams alter the flow of the water

 Fresh and salt water meet

Plant and Animal Adaptations of Estuaries Very productive biome because it receives lots of light and nutrients Often used as nursery for young & Manatee and goose

Threats to Estuaries Many ports are found on estuaries—pollution Human population pers-erf.org