Conjugating a Third Conjugation Verb duco ducere duxi ductus

All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts duco ducere duxi ductus First Person Singular Present Active I lead Present active Infinitive To lead First Person Singular Perfect Active I have led Perfect Passive Participle Having been led

Finding the Present Stem Find the second principal part of the verb. duco ducere duxi ductus The present stem is the second principal part – re. ducere - re = duce

Present Active Endings Present Active Tense In the present active tense change e on the present stem to i and add the present active endings. Present stem = Ducere – re = duce duc i e Singular Plural we o I mus First Person Second Person tis you s you he, she, it Third Person t nt they Present Active Endings

Present Active duc o duci mus duci tis duci s duci t ducu nt I lead I am leading I do lead First Person We lead We are leading We do lead duc o duci mus Second Person You lead You are leading You do leading You lead You are leading You do lead duci tis duci s He leads He is leading He does lead Third Person They lead They are leading They do lead duci t ducu nt Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular and the e changes to “u” in the third person plural.

Present Passive Endings Present Passive Tense In the present passive tense change “e” on the present stem to “i” and add the present active endings. Present stem = Ducere – re = duce Singular Plural First Person mur we or I mini you Second Person you ris he, she, it ntur they Third Person tur Present Passive Endings

Present Passive duc or duci mur duci mini duce ris duci tur ducu ntur I am led We are led First Person duc or duci mur Second Person You are led duci mini duce ris You are led He is led They are led Third Person duci tur ducu ntur Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular, the “e” is retained in the second person singular and the “e” changes to “u” in the third person plural.

Imperfect Tense Present Stem + BA + Present Endings Imperfect Active Imperfect Passive duce ba m I led duce ba r I was led duce ba s You led duce ba ris You were led He led duce ba tur He was led duce ba t We led duce ba mur We were led duce ba mus You led duce ba mini You were led duce ba tis They were led They led duce ba ntur duce ba nt

The sign of the future in the third declension is e. Future Tense The sign of the future in the third declension is e. Future Active Future Passive duc a m I will lead duc a r I will be led duc e s You will lead duc e ris You will be led duc e tur He will be led duc e t He will lead duc e mur We will be led duc e mus We will lead duc e mini You will be led duc e tis You will lead They will be led duc e ntur duc e nt They will lead Nota Bene: There is an “a” in the first person singular

Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. duco ducere duxi doctus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. duxi - i = dux

Perfect Active Tense The Perfect Active Tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings Singular Plural First Person imus we i I istis you Second Person you isti he, she, it erunt they Third Person it Perfect Active Endings

Perfect Active dux i dux imus dux istis dux isti dux dux erunt it First Person dux i I led I have led I did lead dux imus We led We have led We did lead You led You have led You did lead Second Person dux istis dux isti You led You have led You did lead Third Person dux it dux erunt They led They have led They did lead He led He has led He did lead Perfect Active

Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + era + Present Endings Pluperfect Active dux era m I had led dux era s You had led dux era t He had led dux era mus We had led You had led dux era tis dux era nt They had led

Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings Future Perfect Active dux er o I will have led dux eri s You will have led dux eri t He will have led dux eri mus We will have led You will have led dux eri tis They will have led dux eri nt

Perfect Passive System 1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP). duco, ducere, duxi, ductus. -a. -um 2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence. If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be ducta. If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be ductae. If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be ductus. If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be ducti. If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be ductum. If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be ducta.

Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Present Tense of Sum Perfect Passive ductus – a - um sum I have been led ductus – a - um es You have been led ductus –a -um est He has been led ducti –ae -a sumus We have been led You have been led ducti –ae –a estis They have been led ducti – ae -a sunt

Pluperfect Passive Tense PPP + imperfect Tense of Sum Pluperfect Passive ductus – a - um eram I had been led ductus – a - um eras You had been led ductus –a -um erat He had been led ducti –ae -a eramus We had been led You had been led ducti –ae –a eratis They had been led ducti – ae -a erant

Future Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Future Tense of Sum Future Perfect Passive Tense ductus – a - um ero I will have been led ductus – a - um eris You will have been led ductus –a -um erit He will have been led ducti –ae -a erimus We will have been led You will have been led ducti –ae –a eritis They will have been led ducti – ae -a erunt

The ______________ tense does not use the present stem. a. Future b. Past Perfect c. Imperfect d. Present next

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Legere is the ______________ principal part of the word. a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth next

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legisti can be translated _____________ a. You have chosen b. You were chosen c. You are chosen d. You will choose next

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Acta est can be translated _____________ a. She had been driven b. She is driven c. She has been driven d. She will have been driven

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