Principals of Art Lesson 3

Bell Ringer Define Mass and Volume. Which form of art are those 2 terms most used in? What are the primary hues?

Principals of Art When trying to combine different art elements into a whole artists use certain principles, or guidelines Principals of art are balance, emphasis, harmony, variety, gradation, movement, rhythm, and proportion A unified design a skillful blend of elements and principles results when all the parts hold together to produce the best possible effect. In order to understand works of art you need to know how the principals of art are used

BALANCE Balance refers to a way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art 3 TYPES SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRICAL RADIAL Symmetrical Balance means a formal balance in which two halves of a work are identical; one half mirrors exactly the other half

Balance Asymmetrical balance is more informal and takes into account such qualities as hue, intensity, and value in addition to size and shape

Radial Balance Radial Balance occurs when objects are positioned around a central point

Emphasis JAN VERMEER OFFICER AND LAUGHING GIRL Emphasis is the way of developing the main theme in a work of art Answering the question of “what is the artist trying to say” the emphasis can be obvious WILLIAM JOHNSON LI’L SIS

Contrast of light and dark values Contrast in color between warms and cools Soft and hard fabric Texture areas with smooth areas Earthly elements vs. heavenly elements Vertical movement and horizontal movement CONTRAST To avoid a painting being monotonous and the viewer would lose interest the artist adds contrast Look at Tiepolo’s paint of the wise men visiting Mary and the Christ child. What contrast do you see?

HARMONY or unity Liubov Popova Painterly Architectonics Harmony refers to a way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent their similarities It is accomplished through the use of repetitions and subtle, gradual changes. Joseph Turner Burning of the House of Parliament

MOVEMENT Movement is the Principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewers eye throughout the work of art Movement is also used to direct the viewers attention to a center of interest, or to make certain that the main parts of the work are noted Dell’Arca – The Lamentation Marcel Duchamp Nude Descending a staircase

Rhythm Rhythm or Pattern is established in a work when elements of the composition, such as curves, angles, or vertical or horizontal lines, are repeated Pattern can be produced by the repetition of motifs, colors, shapes or lines David Siqueiros Portrait of a Woman

Proportion Proportion is the principle of art concerned with the relationship of certain elements to the whole and to each other The large size of one shape compared with the smaller sizes of other shapes creates visual emphasis In the past and in other cultures artists often relied on the principle of proportion to point out the most important figures or objects in their works Dr. Johann Gottfried Schadow The Sculptor and Art Student's Guide to the Proportions of the Human Form. (Book illustration.)

Proportion

Gradation Antonio M . Ruiz. School Children on Parade. 1936. Oil on Canvas Gradation refers to a way of combining elements by using a series of gradual changes in those elements Ex. Gradual change from small shapes to large shapes or from a dark hue to a light hue It is a step by step change

List at least 3 of the principals of art. Ticket out the Door Thursday List at least 3 of the principals of art. Compare and contrast symmetrical and radial Balance.