Preparation of the Body Lecture 3 – Principles and Methods of Training

Principles of Training Before we begin to design a training programme we need to be aware of the ‘principles of training’ -Specificity -Progressive Overload -Reversibility

Specificity Training must be specific to your needs Specificity takes into account: –Your fitness levels –Your ability levels –The demands of the activity you are training for e.g. Fitness training for football will be very different to fitness training for gymnastics –The role you play within the activity e.g. Central midfielders may do more cardio-respiratory training, whereas goalkeepers may spend more time working on their reaction times

Progressive Overload Progressive overload occurs when we exercise at increasingly higher levels – we progressively demand more from our bodies We do this by gradually increasing: –The Frequency: how often we do the programme –The Intensity: how hard we work during the programme –The Duration: how long we train for

Progressive Overload Specific to Cardio-respiratory Endurance Frequency – you must train 3-4 times a week for a minimum of 8 weeks to see an improvement in CRE training zone. This is determined by your heart rate for aerobic training.Intensity – you must train within your training zone. This is determined by your heart rate for aerobic training. This must be accurate as if you work outside you training zone you will be working on other aspects of fitness Duration – Min of mins for CRE Progressively IncreasedThese principles must be Progressively Increased over the 8 weeks to ensure there are enough demands on the body for improvements to be seen

Reversibility If you stop training the body will revert to the condition it was in before you began training Depending on how long you have been training for will determine how long it takes to go back to your bodies original state

Methods of Trainingfor CRE There are a variety of ways to train to improve Cardio-respiratory endurance –Continuous training –Fartlek training –Interval training –Conditioning approach

Methods of Training for CRE For the purposes of our training programme we will focus on: –Fartlek training –A conditioning approach

Fartlek Training Includes –Continuous running or swimming with short sprint bursts followed by a slower recovery and then more continuous paced running or swimming Benefits –Develops aerobic fitness:Linked to training zone –Progressive overload can be achieved by exercising more often (frequency), exercising faster (intensity) or by exercising for longer (duration)

A Conditioning Approach through the activity.Conditioning is working to improve fitness through the activity. In our programme we will use drills to improve our skills and fitness at the same time. Advantages of conditioning –Avoids boredom –More motivating than training in isolation –Saves training time as skills and fitness are being developed at the same time –Develops specific aspects of fitness, as they are required in the game –Skills can be developed towards the autonomous level as pressure is put on the performer due to the high intensity level required to improve fitness.