A D RUG P OLICY FOR THE 21 ST C ENTURY David Mineta Deputy Director, Office of Demand Reduction Office of National Drug Control Policy October 29, National PBIS Leadership Forum

Component of the Executive Office of the President Coordinates drug control activities and related funding across the Federal Government Produces the annual National Drug Control Strategy Office of National Drug Control Policy

Substance Use Among Youth

Why Prevention? Escalation of Drug Use During the Teen Years 2/2014 Source: SAMHSA, 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (September 2013).

12 th Graders’ Past Year Marijuana Use vs. Perceived Risk of Occasional Marijuana Use 12 th Graders’ Past Year Marijuana Use vs. Perceived Risk of Occasional Marijuana Use Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G.,Schulenberg, J. E. & Miech, R. A. (2014). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2013: Volume 2, College students and adults ages 19–55. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.

Skipping Class Fewer Studying Hours Decreased Motivation Poor Quality/ Less Sleep Cognitive Problems Declining GPA Dropping Classes Lost Opportunities (internships, work, special studies) Delayed Graduation Failure to Graduate Attenuation of Goals Lack of Readiness for Employment Underemployment Short-term Manifestations Long-term Outcomes Intermediary Processes Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Association between Substance Use, Mental Health, and Student Outcomes Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Bugbee, B. A., Vincent, K. B., & O’Grady, K. E. (2013). The academic opportunity costs of substance use during college. College Park, MD, Center on Young Adult Health and Development.

IQ Grades School Safety and Climate Substance Use and Academic Performance

Non-users used 1 Dx used 2 Dx used 3 Dx Average Point Difference in IQ score (IQ at age 13 – IQ at age 38) Persistent Marijuana Users Show A Significant IQ Drop between Childhood and Midlife Source: Meier MH et al., PNAS Early Edition 2012 Followed 1,037 individuals from birth to age 38. Tested marijuana use at ages 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38. Tested for IQ at ages 13 and 38. [Compton, W. (2014, June 10). Drug Abuse/Addiction Prevention: Good for Educational Outcomes? Academic Achievement Forum.]

Students with an average grade of ‘D’* or lower are more likely to be substance users compared to students whose grade average is better than ‘D’ Percent Reporting Use in the Past Month *Average Grade for Last Completed Grading Period **Binge Use of Alcohol is drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. Persons Aged 12 to 17 Who Were Enrolled in the Past Year, /2014 Source: SAMHSA, 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Detailed Tables. (September 2014).

School Climate Index and School Performance From: CalS3 Factsheet #3 ( Voight, A., Austin, G., and Hanson, T. (2013). A climate for academic success: How school climate distinguishes schools that are beating the achievement odds (Report Summary). San Francisco: WestEd.

Substance Abuse Prevention Each dollar invested in an evidence-based school drug prevention program can reduce costs related to substance use by an average of $18. 1 Effective drug prevention happens when local, state, and regional supporters work together. Prevention must be comprehensive: – evidence-based interventions in multiple settings – tested public education campaigns – sound public policies 1 Miller, T. and Hendrie, D. Substance Abuse Prevention Dollars and Cents: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2008.

What Does All This Mean? Working Together to Change the Course

Resources atipartnerships.com getsmartaboutdrugs.gov teens.drugabuse.gov familycheckupguide.gov whitehouse.gov/ondcp

Why Prevention? Escalation of Drug Use During the Teen Years 2/2014 Source: SAMHSA, 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (September 2013).

Thank You