Drug Awareness and Prevention Inc. Copyright 2009 Drug Awareness and Prevention Inc. presents SUBSTANCE ABUSE & ADDICTION From Causes, through crisis, to solutions Hello young people, thank you for joining me today. I’m Mrs. Pommerening, and I am here to talk to you about substances of abuse, such as drugs and alcohol.. So, let’s get started. This PowerPoint presentation was created in 2009 by: Nancy Pommerening Drug Awareness and Prevention Inc. PO Box 603218 Cleveland, Ohio 44103 Contact me at: Nancy@DrugAwarenessAndPrevention.org Visit us at: htpp://www.drugawarenessandprevention.org Drug Awareness and Prevention Inc. Copyright 2009

From Teacher … (Mrs. Nancy Pommerening) I’d like to begin with a little background. About 10 years ago, I was an 8th grade U.S. History teacher at Harding Middle School in Lakewood, which is a suburb of Cleveland. Substance abuse wasn’t really even on my radar screen! (Mrs. Nancy Pommerening)

with a Student At-Risk… Then, the problems associated with addiction began to show up in my classroom. The drug abuse threat became very personal, when I received this letter. I was stunned. The yellow highlighted text says, “Mrs. P. about my mom, she is addicted to cocaine, and she asked me to take this pill w/her.”

…to a Prevention Specialist with a mission: to lessen the demand for illicit drugs through education and prevention strategies. I retired in 2008, and formed a nonprofit, Drug Awareness and Prevention Inc. Our mission is to lessen the demand for illicit drugs through education and prevention strategies. Ohio Certified Prevention Agency 501(c)3 nonprofit organization

Causes

1. Experimentation, Sensation Seeking It is normal to want to alter our mood. From our first cup of coffee in the morning, until we read a book or watch TV before bed, we are choosing how we want to feel. People who have the genetic predisposition to develop addiction have an extra hurdle in finding ways to experience good feelings, especially pleasure, without developing addictive behaviors.

First Users’ Accidental Discovery Plants’ Protective Structures To truly understand addiction, we need to apply a little science: We’ll begin with Charles Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection- which is, yes, Survival of the Fittest. All animals compete for survival. Plants also want to survive. Some plants have physical features that make you keep your distance, like thorns or needles. Other plants have a chemical defense mechanism to prevent them from being eaten, like mushrooms. When animals eat plants with these chemical defense mechanisms, they will become dizzy, and intoxicated, leaving them sick and disoriented. Once it got sick, the intoxicated animal could be killed by a predator. If the animal did survive, it would definitely avoid eating that plant in the future. Plants with chemical defense mechanisms are the main source of psychoactive, which means brain-altering substances. Why do humans who purposely use psychoactive substances usually get so sick the first time they try them? The answer is simple, they are being poisoned. Their body is trying to reject a toxic substance. For humans, this can cause some serious problems. Here is a real life example for you: A former well-known mayor, who was high on cocaine, was found sleeping on the sidewalk, naked, in a neighboring city. Suppose he got high, and ended up sleeping, naked on the sidewalk in Mexico City. This would definitely be a big problem.

2. Genetic Predisposition to Addiction

3. Poor Coping Skills (Mental Illness) Attempting to self-medicate Peer pressure Stress Loss Loneliness Trauma

Generation Rx 4. Societal Norms: No Pain Pharmaceutical Populism Culture of self-diagnosis and self-prescription

“A Pill for every Ill” DEPRESSANTS Vicodin Ambien Opium - Morphine STIMULANTS Adderall Amphetamines ANTI-ANXIETY Valium Abilify Cymbalta Prescription and Over the Counter drugs are largely classified by the effect they have on you. The most commonly abused drugs either calm you down, or pep you up.

5. Cultural Beliefs & Traditions

6. Societal Values (Recreational Weed) Rolling Stone Magazine 2012

7. Availability (Colorado)

8. Perception of Risk - YRBS 2012 One can see that the less a student perceives a risk in using, usage levels for marijuana increase. These statistics show that one out of three high school graduates will not be able to pass a pre-employment drug test.

9. Influence of Family & Friends Marijuana 70% Received the drug for free Prescription Pain Relievers 54% (non-medical use) From a friend or relative for free Alcohol 20% From adult family member 16 NSDUH Survey 2012 - 523,000 teens ages 12+

Who Becomes Addicted? DAP 2014 ©

Current Use in Ohio

What Substances are being Abused? Let’s briefly review the most commonly abuse substances and their effects on the human body.

January to June 2013 http://mha.ohio.gov Click on Research Tab

What Drug is your State most Addicted to? Marijuana Opiates Heroin Stimulants No Information

Drugs and Alcohol are responsible for: 40% of FATAL workplace accidents 47% of SERIOUS workplace accidents Here are a few more facts about employees and drug/alcohol use. 74% of drug addicts are employed. DAP 2014 ©

INCREASED WORKERS’ COMP Drug abuse in the work place Industry costs: $165 Billion a Year in the U.S.A. LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY ACCIDENTS INCREASED WORKERS’ COMP ABSENTEEISM THEFT HEALTH CARE Source: The Drug Testing Network

Alcohol and Teens Age of first use is the most significant risk factor Teens who start drinking before age 15 are 5 times more likely to develop alcohol problems as adults. 5x Difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, impaired memory: People who have been drinking large amounts of alcohol for long periods of time run the risk of developing serious and persistent changes in the brain

Brain Development - Ages 5 to 20 ALCOHOL Greatest damage to young brain Pre-fontal cortex (decision making) last to develop This illustrates the development of the part of the brain that helps us to think and function. As we get older, the brain increases in capacity. Brain development Up to age 24 in females, up to age 25 in males

Marijuana & Teens - Affects on I.Q. SPECT images from NIDA Brain effects

Abuse Addiction Overdose

EFFECTS OF ADDICTION Amy Winehouse Age 19 Age 23 In addition to the many dangerous side effects that come from drug abuse, I’m sure many of you wonder how it can change your appearance. At first, it is hard to identify drug addicts when they are not high. Over time, their appearance can change so severely, that their close friends may not even recognize them. Let’s look at a 5 time Grammy winner. These pictures show singer/songwriter Amy Winehouse before and after she became an addict. It is shocking to see how Amy’s appearance changed from the ages of 19 to 23. Drug Awareness and Prevention Inc. Copyright 2009 Amy Winehouse Age 19

How did Heroin Use in Ohio become an Epidemic? Balloons of Heroin

Opioids: From Rx Pills to Heroin Form Dose Price Oxycontin 80mg $80 Percocet 10mg $7-10 Heroin balloon 1 “fix” $8-$20 When legally prescribed doses are no longer available, the addict buys them on the streets illegally. Heroin always ends up as the cheapest way to keep from being “dope sick.” *$150-200 average daily usage cost for heroin addicts

Solutions

Prevention Every $1 dollar invested in drug abuse prevention saves Ohio $10 in future medical and treatments costs.

What works in Prevention? Key Strategies Information Dissemination Prevention Education Alternatives Community-based Process Problem I.D. and Referral Environmental Strategies There are several recognized strategies that work: Info dissemination: One way communication: poster, website, article Prevention Education: interactive Alternatives: Example: Midnight basketball leagues that keep kids occupied. Community-based: Anti-drug coalitions such as “Coalition for a Drug-Free Mahoning County” Problem-ID: Generally, referring a student to a counselor, once it is suspected drugs are being used Enviromental: Example: I.D. checks in bars, RX Drug Take Back Days

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Our website, an example of information dissemination. \\\

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES 10,877 LBS in NE Ohio April 26, 2014 April 26, 2014 Drug Take Back Day, example of Environmental Strategies

Children and Adolescents PREVENTION EDUCATION Preventing Drug Abuse in Children and Adolescents In School If possible, school-based prevention programs should be integrated into the school’s academic program…* How do we get good programs in our schools, and where do we start? Three suggestions from the experts at the National Institute on Drug Abuse: 1. We need to start school programs as early as possible. 2. Prevention education should be included at all transitional stages in a child’s life, beginning with kindergarten. 3. It should be integrated into the school’s academic program. *Preventing Drug Abuse among Children and Adolescents, U.S. Dept. of HHR

Brain Power by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) The National Institute on Drug Abuse offers a good alternative to schools that cannot afford to purchase a commercial program. Their Brain Power series provides lessons for children in grades K-12. All materials are free and reproducible. These features make the NIDA materials a very attractive and low-cost, first step to prevention education. Preliminary testing of the series by NIDA, under the direction of Dr. Kristen Holtz at KDH Research and Communications has been promising. Free * Multi-Media * K-12 Science Curriculum

Brain Power Curriculum This science-based approach focuses on the function of the brain and the process of addiction. Each lesson lists the required national science standards that are incorporated within that module. These are an out-of-the-box lesson plan for teachers, with background information, objectives and procedures clearly outlined. These lessons are interactive, with great supplemental materials included: A DVD video with Corty, worksheets, review cards, certificates. The program has an excellent unit on Media Literacy, a promising practice for prevention.

Current “NIDA” schools 0 Public Schools Private/Parochial Schools Charter Schools Potential Schools Jefferson Chardon Avon Lake N.Ridgeville Warren Ravenna Norwalk Brunswick We are currently providing services in several public (red dots), and private/parochial (green dots) schools. Medina Ashland Wooster Lisbon Mansfield

LEGISLATION – OHIO GENERAL ASSEMBLY House Bill 193 (Shut down Pill Mills) Senate Bill 57 (Naloxone – Reverses overdose) Senate Bill 101

OHIO Senate Bill 101 - October 2012 Designated May as “Ohio Substance Abuse Awareness and Education Month”

Medical Policy: OARRS- Ohio Automated Rx Reporting System HB 193 Authorizes: Creation of Dangerous Drug Database Tool for doctors and pharmacists to identify and prevent abuse, misuse, or addiction Tool for law enforcement to prevent diversion Voluntary Program

Responsible Medicine Storage

Alternatives to “Medical Marijuana” Legalization Cannabis-Based Medicines Research on the efficacy of cannabinoids is not focused on raw/crude marijuana, but in the individual components that may have medical use. Marinol (Tetrahydrocannabinol ) Sativex (mouth spray)* *Europe & Australia

Liability in the Workplace

We offer these Services

Drug Awareness and Prevention Inc. Who we are: State Certified Prevention Agency 501 (C) (3) nonprofit What we do: School-based Prevention Education Drug-Free Workplace Education & Training Community Awareness Presentations Prevention Initiatives & Programs   Drug-Free Workplace

We’re all in this together

QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Literature & Business Cards on the table Please record any questions and I will get back to them. Additionally, please make sure that all teachers have signed in on the attendance sheet, and provided contact information.

Contact Information Nancy Pommerening, OCPS I 20800 Center Ridge Road, Suite 316A Rocky River, Ohio 44116 Phone: 216-432-6620 Email: NEP@DrugAwarenessAndPrevention.org Website: www.DrugAwarenessAndPrevention.org We are a certified Prevention Agency that offers training and consultation. The director, an Ohio-certified Prevention Specialist, is available and you may contact her with any additional questions.