3-D Scanning for Corridor Mapping & Right of Way Usage Presented by: Martin R. Stoughton, PLS

Early Data Collection Techniques- How we got here Timeline of LiDAR Technology Terminology of LiDAR Technology Mobile Mapping and AirBorne LiDAR Systems –Limitations of Mobile Mapping –Advantages of Mobile Mapping –Sample Right of Way Project –Other LiDAR Applications –Data Extraction and Software Applications Quick Outline

Ancient Past- The Groma Roman line of sight surveying instrument for straight roads or right angle construction

Distant Past Lewis & Clark Expedition Compass and Chain surveys

Mid 19 th Century Railroads Mapped with Transits and Levels

Early Photogrammetry Professor Thaddeus Lowe ascending in the Intrepid to observe the Battle of Fair Oaks Earliest known Aerial Photo: 1860 Downtown Boston

Timeline of Technology 1904: “Telemobiloscope” (first form of RADAR sensor) developed by Christian Huelsmeyer. 1917: Albert Einstein first theorized about the process that makes lasers possible. 1960: Operable laser invented by Theodore Maiman. 1960: The first navigation satellite TRANSIT IB is launched for use by the U.S. Navy to accurately locate ballistic missile submarines and ships. 1969: Scientist measure the distance between the earth and moon. 1978: The first GPS Block I satellite is launched. Block I comprised of 10 developmental satellites launched from 1978 through : President Ronald Reagan declassifies NAVSTAR; GPS becomes available to civilians. 1990: NAVSTAR GPS becomes operational. 1990s: LiDAR sensors capable of up to 25,000 pulses per second commercially available.

Terminology LiDAR Light Detection And Ranging MTLS Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanning MMS Mobile Mapping System 3dLS 3d Laser Scanning LAS LiDAR native file format Point Cloud All XYZ points captured with LiDAR sensor Classified Point Cloud Point Cloud classified, typically includes (at minimum) Ground and Other Intensity Strength of reflectivity of returning pulse, recorded as a numerical value and converted to 8-bit image

Mobile LiDAR Platforms

Mobile Mapping System LiDAR Sensors 2 GPS units Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) Distance Measurement Instrument (DMI) 2 Digital Cameras 2 LiDAR Scanners Each collecting 200,000 points per second Mounted to collect all data in a single pass 360 degree field of view IMU GPS Antenna DMI

Aerial LiDAR Platforms Reigl 680i LiDAR Onboard GPS Inertial Measurement Unit Lidar Sensor Intensity Multiple Return Ground based GPS

Gimbal Video TASE 150 TASE stabilized camera gimbals are designed to support the aerial oil/gas pipeline and electrical transmission and distribution inspection mission. Pipeline and power line owners rely on airborne imaging to identify and document issues along their property right-of-way. Using high-quality daylight and thermal imagery, TASE gimbals provide a reliable asset for airborne inspection of pipeline & power lines for early detection of failure points, right-of-way monitoring, vegetation management, supplementing LiDAR operations, storm response and recovery, as well as pipeline leaks or oil spills. Conductor from 524 ft away Short Wave Infrared (SWIR)

Line-of-Sight Traffic Topography Weather Considerations Rain Fog Standing Water Sky-line Visibility Urban Canyons Steep Terrain Limitations of Mobile Scanning

Advantages of Mobile Scanning Safety Schedule Survey Grade Accuracy Data extracted with calibrated photos Cost Effective because more efficient data collection equates to cost saving “Scan in the Can” lends to future data extraction without further field visits Video & Imagery Deliverables in standard formats

Data Collection Field to Finish 3 Phases Phase 1 – Field Collection and Initial Processing Phase 2 – Post Process to Project Datum Phase 3 – Extraction and Mapping

Software Programs Phase 1 – Field Collection  PosView  Lynx Survey  PosPac  DashMap  DiskExtract  ImageExtract  QT Modeler  Decode32  LynxView  PhotoLapse 3  GPS Software Phase 2 – Post Processing Microstation  TerraScan  TerraMatch  TerraPhoto  CorpsCon 6.0  UltraEdit Phase 3 – Extraction/Mapping  Cyclone  TopoDOT  Virtual Geomatics  TerraSolid  ESRI

Project Workflow Raw Data to LAS Files Final LAS Files Phase II Ground Scan-to-Scan Corrections Phase I Known Tie Line Corrections Tiles – Raw In Local Project Datum Tiles – Raw In State Plane Grid Initial Process to UTM Coordinate (Source Files) Raw Data (20 GB) If Local System

Purpose of Project  Provide on-site positional references of the corridor boundary for future railroad engineering and planning.  Encourage use of edge of corridor monumentation for safety reasons, in lieu of track centerline.  To establish permanent railroad corridor monumentation, thereby reducing track shift errors associated with future improvements. Retrofit and Planning3 days Data Collection/Field Work7 days Data Processing10 days Data Extraction/Delivery 20 days Total 40 days

Railroad Corridor

Extracting Centerline Data

ROW Encroachments

ROW Monumentation

Mobile Scanning – Rail Corridors

Sample Applications Survey Grade Accuracy Engineering topographic surveys As-built surveys Structures and bridge clearance surveys Deformation surveys Forensic surveys Mapping Grade Accuracy Corridor study and planning surveys Asset inventory and management Environmental Surveys Sight distance analysis Earthwork Surveys Urban mapping Coastal zone erosion analysis

Utility Location

Asset Inventory

Example of Clearance Inspection Zone Transformer Drop Light Clamp Crossing Secondary Wire Transformer

Roadways

Beach Projects

Bridges

Railroads

Software Application to Simulate Flood

Data Extraction GIS Application

Data Extraction Roadway Application

Data Extraction Sign Inventory

Data Extraction Utility Inventory

3D Scanning (As-built Surveys)

Example CAD Deliverables

Questions & Answers