High risk neonates & Complication Dr. S Ghaemi, MD.

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Presentation transcript:

High risk neonates & Complication Dr. S Ghaemi, MD

High risk preganancies High risk infants Why high risk infants? Neonatal morbidity Long term morbidity and disability Neonatal death Why high risk pregnancies? 75%Physiological pregnancies 5% ill neonates 25% abnormal pregnancies 15-25% ill neonates

The goal Screening risk factors Prevention Early management and therapy of ongoing complications

Risk factors Preconception Postconception Delivery

Risk factors Preconception –Economic, social –Cultural – behavioral –Biologic – genetic –Reproductive Previous pregnancies and delivery Chromosomal abnormalities Mother desease Diabetes, epilepsy, alergy, Fenylketonuria, endocrine disorders, congenital desease Drug, alcohol abuse Uterus anomaly Mother age, weight

Risk factors Postconception Mother desease –Mother infections, gestosis –Chorioamnionitis –Diabetes, epilepsy, alergy, Fenylketonuria, endocrine disorders, congenital desease –Drug, alcohol abuse Rh incompatibily Hydramnios Multiple pregnancies Intrauterine growth retardation Post-term infants

Risk factors Delivery –Cephalopelvic disproportion –Dystocia –Prolonged labor –Abruptio placentae –Intrapartal hypoxia –Forceps (breus)

Risk factors Hypoxia –HIE, IVH, PVL Severe infection –Meningitis, TORCH, Metabolic complications –Hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, acidosis Intrauterine drug exposure –Heroin, methadon, cocaine, alcohol

High Risk Neonates Term Post term SGA Preterm

Post mature infants are prone to develop asphyxia during labor secondary to placental insufficiency meconium aspiration syndrome which may be unusually severe because post term, amniotic fluid volume is decreased and the aspirated meconium is less diluted; neonatal hypoglycemia due to insufficient glycogen stores at birth. Because anaerobic metabolism rapidly uses the last of the glycogen stores, hypoglycemia is exaggerated if perinatal asphyxia has occurred. Postmature Infant

Small for gestational age infant or (IUGR) SGA Intrauterine growth restriction

Mortality and morbidity are increased in SGA infants compared to those who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Approximately 10 percent of term infants in developed countries are SGA compared to 23 percent of term infants in developing countries.

CLASSIFICATION SGA infants have either symmetric or asymmetric IUGR. Infants with symmetric IUGR have reductions in both body and head growth. Symmetric IUGR begins in early gestation.

–Infants with asymmetric IUGR have reduced body weight and relatively normal length and head growth. Abnormal growth typically begins in the late second or third trimesters Asymmetric

CLINICAL FEATURES SGA infants appear thin with loose, peeling skin and decreased skeletal muscle mass and subcutaneous fat tissue. The face has a typical shrunken or "wizened" appearance, and the umbilical cord often is thin (picture 1picture 1

Meconium staining may be present (picture 2). In newborns with asymmetric IUGR, the head appears relatively large compared to the size of the trunk and extremities.picture 2

Prematurity Short term disability Intracranial pathology –IVH, PVL, brain atrophy, ventriculomegaly Retinopathy Chronic lung disease Necrotising enterocolitis Early and late onset sepsis

Long term disability Cerebral palsy Visual impairment Sensorineural hearing loss Epilepsy Mental retardation Growth retardation, failure to thrive

Cerebral Palsy Syndrome A term used broadly to describe a number of motor disorders characterized by impaired voluntary movement resulting from prenatal developmental abnormalities or perinatal or postnatal CNS damage occurring before age 5 yr. The term cerebral palsy (CP) is not a diagnosis but identifies children with nonprogressive spasticity, ataxia, or involuntary movements. Between 0.1 and 0.2% of children have CP syndromes; up to 1% of premature newborns or those small for gestational age are affected.

Cerebral Palsy Syndrome Etiology The cause often is hard to establish, but prematurity, in utero disorders, neonatal jaundice, birth trauma, and perinatal asphyxia play important roles. Birth trauma and perinatal asphyxia probably cause <= 15% of cases. Spastic paraplegia is especially common after premature birth, spastic quadriparesis after perinatal asphyxia, and athetoid and dystonic forms after perinatal asphyxia or kernicterus. CNS trauma or severe systemic disease during early childhood (eg, meningitis, sepsis, dehydration) may also cause a CP syndrome.

Mental Retardation Significantly subaverage intellectual quotient (IQ < 70 to 75) with related limitations in two or more of the following: communication, self- care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure, and work.

Retinopathy of Prematurity (Retrolental Fibroplasia) A bilateral ocular disorder of abnormal retinal vascularization in premature infants, especially those of lowest birth weight, with outcomes ranging from normal vision to blindness.

Causes fo exogenous congenital sensorineural hearing loss Anoxia during birth Congential infections Rubella, CMV, HSV, Toxo, Siphilis Rh incompatibility Ototoxic drugs given to the mother

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disorder causing: persistent respiratory distress characteristic x-ray changes with parenchymal streaks and hyperexpansion and an ongoing need for mechanical ventilation or at least oxygen supplementation at 36 wk corrected gestational age This desease can appear in newborns who have been treated for respiratory distress from any cause with intermittent mandatory ventilation.

New CLD A chronic lung disorder in extremely preterm infants The new CLD is characterized by: minimal airway injury less fibrosis less inflamation a decrease in alveolar number but an increase in alveolar size.

CNS patology Intraventricular hemorrhage Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus Cerebral atrophy PVL – periventricular leukomalatia Meningitis, sepsis

Necrotizing enterocolitis Is a common cause of intestinal perforation. Mortality in ELBW infants is very high, 20-50%. NEC are diagnosed mostly in very preterm infants a can results to the short bowel syndrome in the most severe cases. This syndrome follows the loss of significant portion of the small intestine, and comprises malabsorption, diarrhoea and growth failure due to loss of musocal surface area and rapid gastrointestinal transit.

Failure To Thrive Weight consistently below the 3rd percentile for age Progressive decrease in weight to below the 3rd percentile Weight < 80% of ideal weight for height-age or a decrease in expected rate of growth based on the child's previously defined growth curve, irrespective of whether below the 3rd percentile.

Risks of multiple pregnancies  risk of fetal death  risk of neonatal death  risk of serious neonatal morbidity and long term diasbility The causes of risks Prematurity T T T S (twin to twin transfusion syndrome) Monochoriati

Preterm delivery in multiple pregnancies (weeks) Singletons39 Twins35,8 Triplets32,5 Alexander GR, Clin Obstetr and Gynecol 1998;41: Orlebeke JF, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1993; 50:87-93

CNS impairment M retardation and CP as a results of CNS impairment. –During intrauterinne life –Results of prematurity Learning impairments are more common in twins. Epilepsy is more often diagnosed in twins, mostly in monozygotic twins.

Long term morbidity in VLBW Infants (BW < 1500 g, age 2 years) (%)(%)

CP and Mental retardation (BW < 1500 g, age 2 years) % CP Mental retardation

Epilepsie (BW < 1500 g, age 2 years) %

(BW < 1500 g) (BW < 1500 g) % ROP+Blindness Senzorineural deafness Sensorinural Hearing loss Blindness BW<1500

Follow up Early identification of developmental disability Early identification a treatment of medical complications Multidiscioplinary cooperation Parents counseling regarding –Positioning, handling and feeding infants

محقق ژاپني با انتشار يافته‌هاي تحقيقات خود مدعي شد كه مولكول‌هاي آب نسبت به مفاهيم انساني تأثيرپذيرند. نظريه اين محقق ژاپني كه تاكنون از سوي مؤسسات علمي فيزيكي و زيست‌شناسي مورد تأييد قرار گرفته است، مبتني بر بررسي نمونه‌هاي فراواني از كريستال‌هاي منجمدشده آب و مقايسه آن با يكديگر است. دكتر ماسارو ايموتو Masaru imoto

كتاب ايشان با عنوان هاي مختلفي چون در چندين جلد منتشر شده است. ايشان در اغلب كشور هاي دنيا سمينار ها وكنفرانس هايي با اين پيام داشته ودارند. The messages from water

آب هايي كه راكد هستند مانند آب پشت سد ها وآب درياچه ها بدليل عدم پويايي وحركت از لحاظ نماي مولكولي زشت وكريه هستند همچنين آب هايي مانند آب رودخانه ها باوجود جاري بودن وسيلان داشتند بدليل اينكه از ميان شهر ها مي گذارند واكثر مردم داراي افكار منفي هستند نماي زشتي پيدا مي كنند. دكتر ايموتو معتقد است كه همانطور كه شكل ظاهري آب نسبت به ظرف ها ومكان هايي كه در آن قرار مي گيرد تغييرمي كند. شكل مولكولي آب هم نسبت به محيط و شرايط پيراموني خودش تغيير مي كند.

بزرگترين در ياچه در مركز ژاپن. چون آب درياچه راكد است وايستاده ، همين سكون وايستادن باعث مي شود مولكولهاي آب زشت شوند. درياچه بيو ا كو

هر گونه سكون باعث زشتي آب مي شود. آب سد فوجي وارا

چون آب اين رودخانه از ميان شهر ها مي گذرد وبدليل طيف غالب منفي آدم ها نماي مولكولي آب به اين شكل در آمده است. رودخانه يودو

آب هايي كه تازه از دل كوه بيرون مي آيند بدليل اينكه در معرض افكار منفي قرار نگرفته اند نماي مولكولي خود را حفظ كرده اند. اين عكس دقيقا مربوط به زماني است كه چشمه از دل كوه بيرون مي آيد. چشمه سانبو ائجي ( رودخانه سانبو ائجي )

چشمه شيمانتو ( رودخانه شيمانتو ) چشمه ساي چو ( رودخانه ساي چو )

دكتر ايموتوآزمايشهاي خود را به مكانهاي خاصي محدود نكرده وآنها را با آب هاي مختلف ،در كشور هاي مختلف انجام دادند. اين عكس مربوط به رودخانه لوردز در فرانسه مي باشد. چشمه لوردز (رودخانه لوردز)

كوهستان كوك گلاسير ( نيوزيلند )

تاثير دعا: دكتر ايموتو از عده اي خواستند كه در كنار سد فوجي وارا بايستندودعا بخوانند وآب را قبل وبعد از دعا آزمايش كردند. قبل از دعا بعد از دعا سد فوجي وارا

دكتر ايموتو معتقد است كه خلوص نيت در دعا بسيار مهم است مانند داستان حضرت موسي زماني كه قومش براي بارش باران دعا مي كردند وبه موسي وحي شد كه در ميان شما گناهكاري است كه مانع از بارش باران مي شود درياچه برزيل بعد از دعا قبل از دعا

آب مصرفي بشدت بي قواره وزشت است. چون از ميان شهرها وروستا مي گذرد ومردم مملو از فكر منفي هستند. آب لوله كشي شهر

ايموتو معتقد است كه دعا از راه دور هم موثر است. ايشان از 500 نفر از استاد مسائل معنوي خواستند كه در روز معين ودر ساعت مشخصي براي ليوان آبي كه روي ميزشان گذاشته اند دعا كنند. تصوير مقابل مربوط به اين ليوان آب لوله كشي شهر بعد از دعا 500نفر از اين اساتيد مي باشد. آب لوله كشي بعد از دعا

دعايي از بودا كلمات دعاكننده سانسكريتي

آقاي ايموتو بر روي تاثير موسيقي روي آب هم كار كردند. براي آب موسيقي هاي مختلفي پخش مي كردند و واكنش مولكولي آب را بررسي مي كردند. هوي متال آهنگ پاستورال بتهوون

آهنگ هوا براي رديف جي از باخ موسيقي از موزارت آهنگي از شوپن

آهنگ باخ رقص سنتي ژاپني (كاواچي ) Goldberg Variations"

آب نه تنها از رفتار وافكار ما تاثير مي پذيرد بلكه نسبت به نوشته هانيز واكنش نشان مي دهد. ايموتو با چسباندن برچسب هايي روي بطري ها ي آب واكنش آب را بررسي مي كرد روي بطري نوشت آدولف هيتلر

آب با برچسب “مادر “ برچسب “مادر ترزا”

روح فرشته شيطان

سلام عشق زن وشوهر شادي

ايموتو معتقد است كه اگر باآب با زبانهاي مختلف برخورد كنيم در مقابل همه كلمه هاي مثبت واكنش آب زيباودر مقابل همه كلمه هاي منفي واكنش آب زشت خواهد بود متشكرم به زبان ژاپني “هاري گاتو”

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حالم را بهم مي زني، مي كشمت خودت رو دوست داشته باش

دكتر ايموتو آب را در كنار گلها قرارداد ومتوجه شد كه مولكولهاي آب خود را به شكل گلها در مي آورند. بنابراين احساس نشاط وشادماني وانرژي كه انسان از طبيعت مي گيرد بدليل اينست كه مولكولهاي بدن ما خود را به شكل طبيعت در مي آورند.

هم اكنون نيز محققين ايراني با همكاري موسسهٍ ، واكنش آب رادر مورد 99 اسم خداوند آزمايش مي كنند كه به طرح نودو نه شهرت دارد. عكس فوق مربوط به بطري است كه روي آن يكي از اسامي خدواند نوشته شده است. IHM

مي تواني انتخاب كني كه...؟!!! تا 70% كره زمين را آب تشكيل مي دهد. تا 60% وزن بدن انسان را آب تشكيل مي‌دهد. تا 70% وزن ماهيچه‌هاي انسان را آب تشكيل مي‌دهد. تا 80% خون انسان را آب تشكيل مي‌دهد. و 90% ريه‌هاي انسان را آب تشكيل مي‌دهد. حال كه

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