Chapter 12 Test Review April 23, 27, 2015

Part A: Section 1 What two types of government does the United Kingdom have? constitutional monarchy parliamentary democracy Name the four regions that make up the United Kingdom. England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland

Part A: Section 1 What body of water separates the UK from the rest of Europe? The English Channel How has the English Channel both connected and protected the British from the rest of Europe? Connected: The UK is close enough to have strong cultural and economic ties with Europe. Protected: The UK has avoided invading armies for centuries because of the body of water. Which river helped London become a center for world trade? Thames River

Part A: Section 1 Name the three documents that are part of British history that limited the King’s power and were the basis for the US Constitution? Magna Carta, 1215 Petition of Right, 1628 English Bill of Rights, 1689 What part of the UK has been troubled by a battle between Catholics and Protestants? Northern Ireland Give a brief description of what the land is like in Ireland. Shaped like a shallow bowl Rocky Highlands on the coasts Interior is a very lush, green plain.

Part A: Section 1 Potatoes used to be the chief crop in Ireland. What happened? Disease killed the potato crop in the 1840s. Many people died, and others left Ireland The five countries that make up Scandinavia are: Norway Sweden Finland Denmark Iceland What is the cause of the geysers that shoot in Iceland and Norway? Two tectonic plates meet in the North Atlantic. When they pull apart it releases heat. How does Iceland use the cause of these geysers to create energy? Iceland taps into the molten rock to produce geothermal energy. Which Scandinavian country is smallest, with the highest population density?

Part A: Section 1 What religion do most people in Scandinavia practice? Protestant Lutheranism Which Scandinavian country does not share ethnic ties with the other four? Finland’s ancestors come from Russia

Part B: Section 2 France uses specialization in its economy. What two products are they known for? Cheese; Wine How has the Netherlands overcome having 25% of their land below sea level? The Dutch have created polders by draining land and using systems of pumps to remove seawater. The three regions that make up Belgium are: Flanders Wallonia Brussels The largest population of any European country is in Germany. In this country, over 90 percent of the people live in urban areas.

Part B: Section 2 Three rivers that are very important to Germany’s economy are: Rhine Elbe Danube Germany was separated into two parts for a long time. What caused the separation, and when did they re-unite? Germany separated because the Soviet Union created East Germany as a communist country. The two nations re-united in 1990. With its location in the Alps, what nation has managed to remain neutral in all major wars for the past 700 years? Switzerland

Part C: Section 3 What three languages are spoken in Spain? Castilian Spanish Catalan Euskera What dry plateau in Spain is surrounded by mountains and covers most of the country? The Meseta How do northern and southern Italy differ in terms of physical geography, and standard of living? physical geography – north has more fertile soil, south is more mountainous with poor land for farming. economy – north has many more cities for manufacturing, and far more industries standard of living – north is far wealthier than the south

Part C: Section 3 Where is the Roman Catholic Church based? Vatican City, in the heart of Rome, Italy About how many islands make up Greece? 2,000 What two things does Greece rely on to make money for their economy? Shipping Tourism

Part D: Section 4 How has Poland’s land made it easy to invade? Poland’s land is very flat and easy to move an army on. What three countries form the “Baltic Republics?” Estonia Latvia Lithuania Which Baltic Republic country has done the best economically? Name one advantage and one disadvantage that industry in the Czech Republic has brought. Factories produce many goods and a lot of money for the Czechs. Factories also produce high amounts of pollution, which causes acid rain.

Part D: Section 4 The Czech Republic and Slovakia were once a united country. (Czechoslovakia) How are they different today? The Czechs have moved to a market economy faster than Slovakia. Slovakia has fewer factories and less industry. They also have different language and a different culture. The Hungarians are note descendants of Germans or Slavic peoples, like most Eastern Europeans. What group are Hungarians ancestors of? The Magyars What river divides the Ukraine into eastern and western parts? Dnieper River What landlocked country in Eastern Europe is the poorest nation on the continent? Moldova

Part D: Section 4 Yugoslavia dissolved after the fall of communism in the early 1990s. What four countries declared their independence at that time? Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Slovenia Macedonia

Part E: Who Am I? This country, which is a leader in the global economy and the European Union, has a high amount of industry and very good agriculture. Home to the beginning of the Danube River, it split into two countries after World War II and re-united in 1990. Germany

Part E: Who Am I? Rivers such as the Seine and the Loire link this country’s regions. They rely on producing wines and cheeses to make the economy work, but 1 in 12 people works in the tourism industry. Most people are Roman Catholic, but Islam is my second religion. France

Part E: Who Am I? Many acres of tulip fields cover my land, as this country exports two million tulip bulbs each year. Though a lot of my country is below sea level, we have adapted, creating polders that have rich farm soil. My cities, like Amsterdam, are very densely populated. Netherlands

Part E: Who Am I? I was once part of the Soviet Union. Though I’m independent now, I still have very close ties to Russia. I have a command economy, and my one main resource is potash, that people use to make fertilizer. Belarus

Part E: Who Am I? My climate allows me to grow a variety of crops. My two most important are grapes, used for wine, and oak trees that provide cork. I became a sea power in the 1500s that allowed me to become powerful, but today I rely on a lot of subsidies from the European Union to help my manufacturing. Portugal

Part E: Who Am I? My nickname is the “Emerald Isle,” due to my green landscape. I am rich in peat which is dug from my bogs, although potatoes used to be important. My greatest cultural influence is in writing, with writers such as George Bernard Shaw and James Joyce as examples. Ireland