Machinery Safety Management and Inspection in P. R. China Yu Qinjian COSHA

1.Brief Introduction of Work Safety Status In China 2.The Safety Management Patterns for Machinery in China 3.Safety Management and Legislation for Machinery in China 4.Struggle Objective

1 、 Brief Introduction to Overall Situation of Work Safety In China 1.1 Main Problems of Occupational Safety and Health 1.3 OSH is of great influence to national economy and social development 1.2 Statistics on work accidents in all industrials in China

The Chinese government take the supervision and management of work safety seriously, whatever the government organizations reform, governments of all levels retain organizations responsible for supervision and management of work safety. The state has made more than several tens laws and administrative regulations relating to work safety. The supervision and management of work safety can basically be complied by laws and regulations The supervision and management of work safety is relatively weak 1.1 Main Problems of Occupational Safety and Health

But it must be seen that China is still in the elementary stage of socialist, lower social productive forces determine lower productive work safety level. As the government organization has undertaken several reforms, new and old systems of supervision and management for work safety alternate, characteristic of China and authoritative, efficient and united systems of supervision and management for work safety have not been set up The supervision and management of work safety is relatively weak 1.1 Main Problems of Occupational Safety and Health

1.1.2 Safety foundation of work unit is relatively weak, work accidents in quantity are still high. As the supervision and management of work safety is not efficient, many important questions lack fundamental legal regulations such as safety conditions of work unit, safety qualification as well as safety responsibility of leading cadre and dangerous job workers, safety organization establishment, safety equipments and facilities management, safeguard of worksite, cross- working, safety management of contract and lease sites, management of dangerous goods and major hazards installation, social industrial injury insurance for employees. 1.1 Main Problems of Occupational Safety and Health

safety conditions are relatively weak, hidden accident troubles and dangerous factors cannot be found and eliminated timely and effectively, so heavy accidents happen frequently Safety foundation of work unit is relatively weak, work accidents in quantity are still high. 1.1 Main Problems of Occupational Safety and Health

1.1.3 Work safety problem restricts and influences social developments. 1.1 Main Problems of Occupational Safety and Health In the light of statistics, there are about 150 billions RMB yuan direct economic loses every year.

In 2004, work accidents were happened in all industrials in China altogether, persons were died, accidents and 315 persons were decreased comparing with last year. Among them, road traffic accidents were 78.1%, industry, mine, commerce and trade 11.9%, railway traffic accidents 6.0%, fire 1.8%, water traffic 0.4%, and others 1.3%. 1.2 Statistics on work accidents in all industrials in China

2721 heavy accidents were happened with 3-9 deaths once,10180 persons were died, 72 accidents were increased and 315 persons were decreased comparing with last year, increasing 2.7% and decreasing 4.6% respectively. Among them, road traffic accidents were 73.0%, industry, mine, commerce and trade 21.3%, fire 3.8%, water traffic 1.4%, railway traffic 0.4%, and others 0.1%. 1.2 Statistics on work accidents in all industrials in China

129 accidents were happened with 10 deaths above once, 2530 persons were died, accidents were equal, 36 persons were decreased comparing with last year, decreasing1.4%. Among them, industry, mine, commerce and trade accidents were 52.1%, road traffic 33.8%, water traffic 5.1%, fire 3.3%, aviation 1.7%, fishery ship 1.7% and others 2.3%. 1.2 Statistics on work accidents in all industrials in China

1.3 OSH is of great influence to national economy and social development OSH concerns the overall of national safety stability OSH concerns the situation of integrating with international politics and economy OSH is the motive power of promoting economy and social development.

The safety management patterns for machinery can be approximately divided into three stages from 1949 to present. The first stage: from 1949 to 1970s later days. In this period, the pattern of safety management for machinery is traditional. Although a few regulations in this period were made such as works safety and health rules( ), several regulations of safety technology for construction and installation( ) etc, main management methods were through master workers taking apprentices. 2. The Safety Management Patterns for Machinery in China

The second stage: from 1970s later days to 1990s early days. From 1970s later days, China began to carry out the policy of open and economy reforms, management Pattern also changed accordingly and gradually transferred from traditional pattern to relying on law. In this period, the government made many laws and regulations as well as rules relating to safety management for machinery, such as Regulations of Safety For Crane achinery( ), Hygienic Inspection Rule For Machinery and Electronics Industry( ). 2. The Safety Management Patterns for Machinery in China

The third stage: from 1990s early days to present. In this period, China gradually integrated with the world, the organization and enterprises began to introduce advanced safety management means and methods to manage safety, such as Occupational Safety and Health Management System(OSHMS). 2. The Safety Management Patterns for Machinery in China

3. Safety Management and Legislation for Machinery in China 3.1 The organizations of safety management for machinery 3.2 Introduction to work safety law concerning safety management for machinery

3.1 The organizations of safety management for machinery State Administration of Work Safety(SAWS) is responsible for the overall safety Management of work for machinery State Administration of Quality and Technology is responsible for the safety management of high dangerous equipment, including crane, lift, cableway, boiler,Pressure vessel etc.

3.1.3 Before the government organizations reformed in 1998, the former ministry of Machinery was responsible for safety management for machinery later, part function of safety management for machinery was transferred to the China Machinery Industrial Safety and Health Association, being entrusted to make related regulations and examine safety and health of major items, part function of safety management for machinery was transferred to the China Machinery Industrial United Association, being responsible for making professional standards for machinery. 3.1 The organizations of safety management for machinery

3.2 Introduction to work safety law concerning safety management for machinery Regulations relating to work safety training for employee should familiarize with rules and operating regulations for work safety, master operating abilities at his post. Employee must pass exams before taking up his post. Special professional workers of work units must obtain operating qualification certificate for special professionals after special training according to concerned regulations before taking up his post.

Safety facilities of construction items must be done “3 simultaneous”, namely safety facilities must be designed, constructed, put into production and applied simultaneously while work units build new engineering, reconstruct, or extend. Designating, manufacturing, installing, applying, testing, repairing, transforming and scrapping of safety equipments must accord with country or professional standards. 3.2 Introduction to work safety law concerning safety management for machinery

High dangerous equipments as well as vessels and transport tools with dangerous goods Involving life safety and higher dangerous ones must be manufactured by specialized works, and be tested and examined by testing and examining organizations of specialized certificate, and obtain safety applying certificate or safety mark according to concerned regulations before they are put into use. 3.2 Introduction to work safety law concerning safety management for machinery

It is definitely stipulated that the country carry out elimination system to those technologies and equipments that endanger work safety seriously. Work unit are forbidden to apply those technologies and equipments endangering work safety which are definitely stipulated to be eliminated and forbidden to be applied endangering work safety. 3.2 Introduction to work safety law concerning safety management for machinery

4. Struggle Objective By 2007, China will set up more perfect supervision and management system for work safety, the overall situation of work safety will more stabilize,.By 2010, will form standard and perfect legal system for work safety, the overall situation of work safety will improve obviously.By 2020, the overall situation of work safety will improve dramatically, all kinds of indexes arrive at level of middle developed countries.