The Inner Life of Cells Objective: Review the organelles of a plant and animal cell Review the functions of these organelles Review the differences between plant and animal cells and what functions these differences serve

BIOLOGY is the scientific study of life in its many forms.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE: 1. Grow and develop 2. Repair 3. Reproduce 4. Respond to their environment 5. Metabolism – are involved in numerous chemical reactions 6. Exchange materials with environment (oxygen & wastes) 7. Composed of cells (containing large, complex molecules)

CELL THEORY: 1. Cells are the basic units of life. Nothing smaller than a cell is alive Unicellular organism exhibits the characteristics of life   2. All living organisms are composed of cells. Multicellular organisms (ie: animals) are made of tissues composed of cells eg. blood, nerves, cartilage, muscle and bone are made up of cells These cells perform all the functions required for life 3. New cells arise only from pre-existing cells. Life depends on cells (cells divide and pass on the information of inheritance in their DNA)

CELL SIZE & SHAPE: Cells vary in shape & size depending on their function

Basic Cell Structure All cells have these 5 basic structures: Cell/Plasma membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear Envelop Cytoplasm

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION: 1) Plasma Membrane Surrounds cell and organizes it into various compartments inside about 10 nm in thickness its function is to form a boundary that surrounds the cell, keeps it intact, and regulates what enters and exits the cell

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION: (cont’d) 2) Nucleus (command centre) large, centrally located structure about 5 um in diameter its function is to determine the structural features of the cell and to control its metabolic reactions – (how the cell looks and functions)

The Nucleus Contains: DNA Chromosomes Nuclear Envelope Nucleolus Fig. 3.7a

3. Nucleolus a dark, granular region inside the nucleus a cell may have more than one contains RNA (ribonucleic acid) its function is to produce and store the subunits of ribosomes which are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

4. Nuclear envelope a double membrane surrounding the nucleus which contains nuclear pores (tiny holes) its function is to control the passage of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

The Nucleus Fig. 3.7

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION: (cont’d) 5) Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane it contains water, nutrient molecules, gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and wastes organelles are tiny structures found in the cytoplasm that each perform a specific function the cytoskeleton is a network of fibres found throughout the cytoplasm which functions to maintain the cell’s shape and allow the cell and its contents to move

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells …however, not all cells contain all the same structures. Complete the table I have given you by filling in the functions and drawing a diagram of each organelle listed. Indicate whether each organelle is found in a plant cell, and animal cell, or both cells. When you have finished, answer the questions on the back of the sheet.

Table 3.01a

Table 3.01b

There will be a quiz based on tonight’s homework TOMORROW. You are to answer questions 1-5 on page 20 of your handout. There will be a quiz based on tonight’s homework TOMORROW. Show animation!!! We will be learning about the 4 macromolecules of life (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) as well as methods of passive and active transport across the cell’s plasma membrane.