Cells Unit 5.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells Unit 5

1. MC.2.B.1—Construct a hierarchy of life from cells to ecosystems.

HIERARCHY OF LIFE

Cell: smallest functional unit of life HIERARCHY OF LIFE Cell: smallest functional unit of life Ex. Heart cell (cardiac muscle cell) Tissue: made of similar cells that have the same function Ex. Cardiac muscle tissue

Organ: made of tissues that work together HIERARCHY OF LIFE Organ: made of tissues that work together Ex. Heart Organ system: made of organs that work together Ex. Cardiovascular System

Organism: individual living thing HIERARCHY OF LIFE Organism: individual living thing Ex. Human

2. NS.12.B.4—Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology.

CELL THEORY 3 parts to the cell theory: 1. The cell is the basic unit of life 2. All living things are made of cells 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells

CELL THEORY Robert Hooke (1635- 1703) Observed sections or cork through a microscope. Called them cells

CELL THEORY Anton van Leeuwenheok (1632-1723) Observed tiny living things in drops of pond water. One of the first to observe cells through a microscope.

CELL THEORY Theodor Schwann stated that all animals are made of cells. (1839)

CELL THEORY Matthais Schleiden stated that all plants are made of cells. (1839)

CELL THEORY Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) German scientist who discovered that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

CELL THEORY Central piece of equipment: MICROSCOPE

3. MC.2.B.2—Relate Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

PROKARYOTES single-celled organisms; unicellular No nucleus DNA floats in cytoplasm Small, simple Only contain DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm Example: bacteria

EUKARYOTES Usually multi-celled; can be single-celled Has a nucleus DNA contained in nucleus Larger, more complex Has lots of different organelles Example: animals, plants, fungi, & protists

Eukaryote or Prokaryote?

4. MC.2.B.3—Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

Nucleus: Controls the cell Contains the DNA (instructions) Has nucleolus, which makes ribosomes.

Smooth ER: Makes lipids Looks like noodles No ribosomes attached

Rough ER: Transports and edits proteins Has ribosomes attached to it

Golgi Bodies: Packages and transports proteins to their final destination. Like a post office

Mitochondria: Makes energy (ATP) for the cell Cellular respiration Do not say it is the powerhouse of the cell unless you can explain why.

Lysosome: Has digestive enzymes and cleans the cell Gets rid of toxins and wastes.

Vacuole: Stores liquid, food, and wastes.

*Chloroplast: Makes glucose for plant cells photosynthesis *This structure is in plant cells, but not animal cells.

*Central vacuole: (large vacuole) Large vacuole in plant cells Holds mostly water Provides more support for the cell *This structure is in plant cells, but not animal cells.

Centrioles: Help with cell division Located in the centrosome when the cell is not dividing. Only in animal cells

*Cell Wall: Found in plant cells Gives the cell more structure Made of cellulose *This structure is in plant cells, but not animal cells.

Cell (plasma) membrane: Surrounds the cell Selectively permeable Allows some, not all, substances in/out of the cell.

Cytoplasm: Jelly-like oozy substance inside the cell Includes everything except the nucleus.

Cytoskeleton: Protein filaments inside the cell that provide internal structure and hold organelles in place.

Ribosomes: Small structures that make proteins Could float in cytoplasm or be attached to rough ER.

6. MC.2.B.5—Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell.

Plant vs. Animal Cells Plant Only Animal Only Both Plant & Animal Chloroplasts Cell wall Central vacuole Centrioles Both Plant & Animal All other organelles Both are eukaryotic

5. MC.2.B.4—Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure.

Cell Membrane:

Phospholipid bilayer: Structure Makes the majority of the cell membrane Made of phospholipids Each has a polar head & 2 nonpolar tails Arranged in 2 rows w/ tails in. Flexible

Phospholipid bilayer: Function Encloses the cell (boundary) Protects and supports cell Regulates what enters/leaves Selectively permeable

Proteins: Structure Can be embedded in the membrane or along the side

Proteins: Function Helps molecules and materials that are too big or have a charge to cross the membrane.

Carbohydrates: Structure Attach to the outside of the cell

Carbohydrates: Function ID tag Identifies what kind of cell it is

Cholesterol: Structure Lipids that are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer

Cholesterol: Function Provides added structure and support to the membrane

7. MC.2.B.7—Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis.