MSc IT Programming Methodology (2)

Which printer [a] LPT1 or [b] LPT2?: How many copies do you wish to print?: [P]rint now or [C]ancel?: Print all pages (y/n)?: a 2 y C

Graphics and event-driven programs Learning objectives identify and use some of the common components of the Java Swing package; program graphics components to handle mouse- click events; describe the role of layout managers; use the FlowLayout and BorderLayout managers; make use of compound containers.

Swing vs AWT

AWT Swing heavyweight lightweight

Swing Components..

The SmileyFace program…

public class RunSmileyFace { public static void main(String[ ] args) { new SmileyFace(); } }

JFrame SmileyFace is a kind of JFrame JFrame SmileyFace SmileyFace( ) paint( )

public class SmileyFace import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; { public SmileyFace() { // initialise the screen } public void paint(Graphics g) { // draw onto the screen } } extends JFrame

The SmileyFace constructor..

public SmileyFace() { setTitle("Smiley Face"); }

public SmileyFace() { setTitle("Smiley Face"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(250,220); setLocation(300,300); getContentPane().setBackground(Color.yellow); }

public SmileyFace() { setTitle("Smiley Face"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(250,220); setLocation(300,300); getContentPane().setBackground(Color.yellow); setVisible(true); }

The paint method..

public void paint(Graphics g) { super.paint(g); } g.drawOval(85,75,75,75); g.setColor(Color.blue); g.drawOval(100,95,10,10); g.drawOval(135,95,10,10); g.drawArc(102,115,40,25,0,-180); g.drawString("Smiley Face", 90,175); g.setColor(Color.red); Calls the paint method of the superclass - JFrame

public class RunSmileyFace { public static void main(String[ ] args) { new SmileyFace(); }

The ChangingFace class…

JButton boolean

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class ChangingFace extends JFrame { public ChangingFace() { // code goes here } public void paint(Graphics g) { // code goes here } } private JButton happyButton = new JButton("Smile"); private JButton sadButton = new JButton("Frown"); private boolean isHappy = true;

The ChangingFace constructor..

public ChangingFace() { setTitle("Changing Face"); getContentPane().setBackground(Color.yellow); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(250, 200); setLocation(300,300); setVisible(true); } setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(happyButton); add(sadButton);

The paint method..

public void paint(Graphics g) { super.paint(g); g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawOval(85,45,75,75); g.setColor(Color.blue); g.drawOval(100,65,10,10); g.drawOval(135,65,10,10); g.drawString("Changing Face", 80,155); } if(isHappy == true) { g.drawArc(102,85,40,25,0,-180); } else { g.drawArc(102,85,40,25,0,180); }

How do we get the program to monitor our buttons for mouse- click events ?

Give each button a listener!

public ChangingFace() { setTitle("Changing Face"); setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(happyButton); add(sadButton); getContentPane().setBackground(Color.yellow); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(250, 200); setLocation(300,300); setVisible(true); } happyButton sadButton.addActionListener( ); this.addActionListener( ); this code for responding to mouse clicks is in this class

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class ChangingFace extends JFrame { public ChangingFace() { // code goes here } public void paint(Graphics g) { // code goes here } } private JButton happyButton = new JButton("Smile"); private JButton sadButton = new JButton("Frown"); private boolean isHappy = true; public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // code goes here } This method is where we write the code for responding to button clicks

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class ChangingFace extends JFrame { public ChangingFace() { // code goes here } public void paint(Graphics g) { // code goes here } } private JButton happyButton = new JButton("Smile"); private JButton sadButton = new JButton("Frown"); private boolean isHappy = true; public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // code goes here } implements ActionListener import java.awt.event.*; This special kind of Class acts a bit like a contract.

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class ChangingFace extends JFrame { public ChangingFace() { // code goes here } public void paint(Graphics g) { // code goes here } } private JButton happyButton = new JButton("Smile"); private JButton sadButton = new JButton("Frown"); private boolean isHappy = true; public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // code goes here } implements ActionListener import java.awt.event.*; This key word indicates that we have met that contract.

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class ChangingFace extends JFrame { public ChangingFace() { // code goes here } public void paint(Graphics g) { // code goes here } } private JButton happyButton = new JButton("Smile"); private JButton sadButton = new JButton("Frown"); private boolean isHappy = true; public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // code goes here } implements ActionListener import java.awt.event.*;

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if(e.getSource() == happyButton) { isHappy = true; repaint(); } if(e.getSource() == sadButton) { isHappy = false; repaint(); } }

public class RunChangingFace { public static void main(String[] args) { new ChangingFace(); } } Running the application

Another interactive graphics class…………

JFrame JTextField JButton JLabel

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.*; public class PushMe extends JFrame implements ActionListener { private JTextField myTextField = new JTextField(15); private JButton myButton = new JButton("please push me"); private JLabel myLabel = new JLabel("Enter some text and push the button", JLabel.CENTER); public PushMe() { // code goes here } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // code goes here } }

public PushMe() { setTitle("Push Me"); setLayout(new FlowLayout()); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(220,120); setLocation(400, 300); add(myTextField); add(myButton); add(myLabel); myButton.addActionListener(this); setVisible(true); }

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { } String myText; myText = myTextField.getText(); myLabel.setText("You entered: " + myText); myTextField myLabel

A GUI for the Oblong class …

JTextArea JButton JLabel JTextField JLabel JTextField

import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class OblongGUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener { private Oblong myOblong = new Oblong(0,0); private JLabel lengthLabel = new JLabel("Length"); private JTextField lengthField = new JTextField(5); private JLabel heightLabel = new JLabel("Height"); private JTextField heightField = new JTextField(5); private JButton calcButton = new JButton("Calculate"); private JTextArea displayArea = new JTextArea(2,20); // methods go here }

public OblongGUI() { setTitle("Oblong GUI"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setLayout(new FlowLayout()); setSize(240, 135); setLocation(300,300); add(lengthLabel); add(lengthField); add(heightLabel); add(heightField); add(calcButton); add(displayArea); calcButton.addActionListener(this); setVisible(true); }

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String lengthEntered = lengthField.getText(); String heightEntered = heightField.getText(); if(lengthEntered.length() == 0 || heightEntered.length() == 0) { displayArea.setText("Length and height must be entered"); } else { myOblong.setLength( Double.parseDouble(lengthEntered) ); myOblong.setHeight( Double.parseDouble(heightEntered) ); displayArea.setText("The area of the oblong is " + myOblong.calculateArea() + "\n" + "The perimeter of the oblong is " + myOblong.calculatePerimeter()); } } }

A metric converter

JFrame JPanel inchCmPanel mileKmPanel poundKgPanel

Layout policies - FlowLayout

Layout policies - BorderLayout

Compound containers

JPanel inchCmPanel inchCmButtons inchCmButtons.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); inchCmButtons.add("North", cmToInchButton); inchCmButtons.add("South", inchToCmButton); inchCmPanel.add(cmText); inchCmPanel.add(cmLabel); inchCmPanel.add(inchCmButtons); inchCmPanel.add(inchText); inchCmPanel.add(inchLabel);

Practical Work

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class ChangingFace extends JFrame implements ActionListener { private boolean isHappy = true; private JButton happyButton = new JButton("Smile"); private JButton sadButton = new JButton("Frown"); public ChangingFace() // code goes here public void paint(Graphics g) // code goes here public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) // code goes here } Face now has three moods declare an extra Jbutton Add extra button and give it a listener Check mood and paint frown, smile or think Process three button clicks So try changing to an int type (1 = happy, 2 = sad, 3 = frown?)