3. Active vs. Passive Voice

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Module 4 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage The lovely robots attracts the visitors. The visitors are attracted by the lovely robots. S. V. O. V. S.
Advertisements

Verbs Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English Biber; Conrad; Leech (2009, p ) Verbs provide the focal point of the clause. The main.
Active & Passive Active Voice Form
Present Day English How we use and label verbs. Principal Parts Verbs in all Germanic languages have few inflections. PDE is a Germanic language. –all.
Passive + Present Perfect developed by 4V3L1N0 Passive + Present Perfect developed by 4V3L1N0.
VERB RULES Verb- a word to describe an action, state, or occurrence and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear.
4. Active vs. Passive Voice
The Passive Voice. (A.) The teacher returned the exams on Monday. (B.) The exams were returned on Monday. The two sentences have basically the same meaning,
Adapted from Azar and slideshare.net The Passive.
AuxiliariesAuxiliaries. Auxiliaries A verb used to add a functional or grammatical meaning to a clause in which it appears. Functions in a supporting.
THE PASSIVE UNIT 19. Passive vs Active Sentence The president asked the employees to speak English. (active) The employees were asked to speak English.
The Passive Voice. Who is the star of this movie?
Read the following signs: Batteries are sold separately.
ESL Level 4 Mrs. Alba.  RULE: The passive voice is used when the doer of the action is unknown or when the doer is unimportant.  EXAMPLES:  The report.
THE PASSIVE VOICE Slides 1 – 6 taken from learningcenter.fiu.edu.
What is active and passive voice? Grammar Toolkit.
The verb to be as a ‘Main Verb’ and as a ‘Helping verb’
Passive Voice.
CHAPTER # 3 The Passive. Voice Dictionary Grammar Voice: According to dictionary is a noun which means sound. Voice: According to grammar it is a form.
What are little verbs made of? What are little verbs made of? Deriving the English verbal system from underlying elements Jim Baker Trinity Hall McMenemy.
A Remedial English Grammar. CHAPTERS ARTICLES AGREEMENT OF VERB AND SUBJECT CONCORD OF NOUNS, PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES CONFUSION OF ADJECTIVES.
The Passive Voice Carmela Grillone FAO International Consultant.
Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition Lesson 13: Passive Voice And Active Voice.
Section : 2 lesson:2 Grammar corner: The passive A) Look at these sentences from passage one.' Trees’. How would you describe the form of the phrase underlined?
Passive Voice.
Unit 13 PASSIVE vOICE.
Voice.
Verb phrases Main reference: Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum, A University Grammar of English, Longman: London, (3.23 – 3.55)
Ihr Logo Active and passive voice Form and use. Your Logo  Page 2 A sad story…  Last week I found a great apartment. The rent was reasonable. That’s.
Answer in your Grammar section… 1.What is a direct object? What is an indirect object? In the following sentence, circle the D.O. and underline the I.O.
Objectives: 1.A classification of verbs 2. Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and linking verbs 3. Dynamic verbs and stative verbs 4. Finite and non-finite.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PRESENT SIMPLE & PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE.
Grundlagen Englisch 12. Sitzung: Passive voice HFW Bern HS 2014/‘15 Philipp Brunner.
3/9/20161 CHAPTER 6 The Passive.  Passive Voice is used when:  It is not necessary to mention the doer of an action. E.g.Rice is grown in India.  We.
Introduction to the Passive Voice When and how to use it.
MODAL VERBS: NEED NEED. NEED IN THE PRESENT TENSE POSITIVE: I need to brush up my English. NEGATIVE: DON’T NEED TO is generally used when the situation.
PASSIVE VOICE EXs: 1. He reads books every day. Books are read every day. 2. Ahmad broke the window. The window was broken (by Ahmad). 3. The students.
Lecture 6 Passive Voice Causative Verbs. PASSIVE VOICE.
We use the Passive when we want to emphasize the action rather than the “doer” of the action. e.g. My bike was stolen. A mistake was made. A car is sold.
Passive vs. Active Voice. Passive Voice The ball was thrown by the football player. Direct object verb actor/doer Verb in form “to-be” + past participle.
THE PASSIVE Ch. 11. PASSIVE SENTENCES All of the verb tenses & forms we have learned about so far have been ACTIVE. That is, they focus on who or what.
Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages
Passive voice.
The passive Voice a. Ahmed prepares the food. is prepared by Ahmed
THE PASSIVE VOICE.
Active and Passive Voice
Daily Grammar Practice Week One Grade 8
Differences between Active and Passive Voice Teacher: Laura Medina
Grammar Lesson #4: Active vs. Passive Voice
ALL ABOUT VERBS GRAMMAR SUMMARY.
WEEK 10: Passive voice Continued NURYANSYAH ADIJAYA, M.Pd.
NURYANSYAH ADIJAYA, M.Pd. PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS, FKIP
PASSIVE VOICE A very short overview.
Grammar Esercitazioni di Inglese EGST
THE PASSIVE VOICE.
What is active and passive voice?
New Total English Intermediate unit 2 It was manufactured around 1936
Teacher Silvino Sieben
Verbs Miss Johnson.
Unit 3 Lesson 8: Progressive forms
Daily Grammar Practice Week One Grade 8
Mom planned a surprise party for dad
THE PASSIVE VOICE.
Perfect Verb Forms Progressive 2 W.6.1.B.
Passive + Present Perfect developed by 4V3L1N0
Wellcome to ENGLISH 2 class
THE PASSIVE.
Active or Passive Voice?
Passives by Shanti.
See Mastering Advanced English Language by Sara Thorne
Presentation transcript:

3. Active vs. Passive Voice

Recap / Active sentences In the last lesson, we emphasized that in academic writing, the subject normally comes before the verb. In many sentences, there is also a receiver of the action. Like the subject, the receiver of the action is also a noun phrase In an active sentence, the receiver of the verb comes after the verb. Mrs. Albee dissected the frog. subject verb object To sum up, in an active sentence, there must be a subject noun phrase preceding the verb. There can be another noun phrase after it.

Passive sentences Passive: The subject and object are reversed. The object from the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive version. The frog was dissected by Mrs. Albee. subject verb or just The frog was dissected. subject verb The active and passive versions have the same basic meaning even though the subject and object have been switched. The receiver of the action is now the subject of the sentence, but it is still the receiver of the action.

Forming the Passive The passive is formed with the “be” verb and a past participle and can be in any tense. Intransitive verbs (verbs that are not followed by an object e.g.: happen, sleep, some, seem) CANNOT be formed in the passive. He was sleeping. (cannot be passive)

Simple present: Present Progressive: Present Perfect: Simple Past: Active Passive Simple present: Jan draws graphs. Present Progressive: Jan is drawing graphs. Present Perfect: Jan has drawn graphs. Simple Past: Jan drew graphs. Past Progressive: Jan was drawing graphs. etc. – We will review tenses soon! Simple Present: Graphs are drawn by Jan. Present Progressive: Graphs are being drawn by Jan. Present Perfect: Graphs have been drawn by Jan. Simple Past: Graphs were drawn by Jan. Past Progressive: Graphs were being drawn by Jan.

Passive with modals When using modals the passive is formed in the present using a modal + be + past participle. The window can’t be opened. Children should be taught to read in school. Passives with modals in the past are formed with a modal + have been + past participle. The report should have been done last week. That building must have been built in the 1970s. Jack ought to have been invited to the faculty meeting.

Using the Passive The passive is often used without any reference to the doer of the action. In this form, it is not important to know who performs the action OR the speaker does not know who performs the action. Corn is grown in Mexico. (We know that farmers grow corn so it is not necessary to use the “by phrase”) My house was built in 1901. (I don’t know who built my house so I do not use the “by phrase”)

The “by phrase” is used when it is important to know who performs the action. “Great Expectations” was written by Charles Dickens. (It is important to know who wrote the book) When the speaker knows who performs the action but wants to call attention to the particular items, the passive is used. This sweater was made by my grandmother but that sweater was made by my aunt. (The emphasis is on each particular sweater because they were made by different people.)

The passive is often used when describing a process where the same person performs the action in every step. The meat was marinated. (by the chef) It was cooked for 40 minutes. (by the chef) It was cut into thin strips. (by the chef) etc.

End-weight In English, “[t]he preferred distribution of elements in the clause is called the principle of end-weight: long and complex (i.e. heavier) elements are placed towards the end of the clause.” - Biber et al., Student Grammar of Spoken and written English

End-weight and the passive The principle of end-weight can influence the choice of an active or a passive structure. Consider these examples: In principle, the passive can be replaced by an active clause with the same meaning. In principle, an active clause with the same meaning can replace the passive. (examples from Biber et al., Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English)

A common problem In that case, the passive sentence was more in accordance with the principle of end-weight than the active sentence. Frequently, however, the opposite is true. The following example illustrates the problem. Various parametric statistical methods such as t-test, analysis of variance and covariance (ANOVA and ANCOVA), and polynomial regression analysis were used.