Tests for Anions Need to know test for Chloride Sulfate/sulfite

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Presentation transcript:

Tests for Anions Need to know test for Chloride Sulfate/sulfite carbonate/hydrogen carbonate nitrate phosphate (NB know confirmatory test too!)

Chloride Add AgNO3 Get white ppt Confirm = ppt dissolves in dilute ammonia Equation needed Ag+ + Cl -  AgCl ()

Sulfate/sulfite Add BaCl2 Get white ppt with both sulfate and with sulfite To Distinguish you… add dil HCl to white ppt ppt remains = sulfate ppt dissolves = sulfite (sulfite doesn’t stay white) Equation needed !!

Sulfate/sulfite Equations With barium chloride Ba2+ + SO4 2-  BaSO4 () Ba2+ + SO3 2-  BaSO3 () Distinguishing test BaSO4 + HCl  no reaction BaSO3 SO3 2- + 2H+  SO2 + H20 (ppt dissolves)

CO32- /HCO3- Add dil. HCl (or any acid) Get bubbles of CO2 (limewater milky) with each To Distinguish you…. add MgSO4 to fresh solution white ppt. immediately = carbonate white ppt on heating = hydrogen carbonate Equation needed !!

CO32- /HCO3- EQUATIONS With dilute HCl CO32- + 2H +  CO2() + H2O HCO3- + H +  CO2() + H2O Limewater Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO3 () + H2O Milky white

CO32- /HCO3- Distinguishing test Mg 2+ + CO32-  MgCO3 () white Mg 2+ + HCO3-  Mg(HCO3- )2 soluble Mg(HCO3- )  MgCO3 () + CO2() + H2O (when heated)

Nitrate Brown Ring Test Add fresh FeSO4 At slant add conc. H2SO4 drop wise Get brown ring at junction of 2 layers No equation needed

Phosphate Add ammonium molybdate 5 drops of conc. nitric acid (warm the solution in water bath 40oC) Get yellow ppt No equation needed Confirm: Goes colourless when add dilute NH3

Why do we need to know? Nitrates and phosphates are present in fertilisers and detergents Excess nitrates & phosphates runoff into rivers and lakes This fertilises the algae – causing algal bloom – lake goes green Algae die Dead algae are decomposed by aerobic bacteria This uses up oxygen Fish and other animals die Eutrophication = excess nutrients in water

Questions You add ammonium molybdate when testing for ? Phosphates You add silver nitrate when testing for ? Chlorides You use Magnesium sulfate for? Distinguishing between carbonates and hydrogencarbonates (white ppt formed immediately means carbonate)

Questions BaCl2 is used to test for which two anions? Sulfates and sulfites You add conc.nitric acid when testing for ? phosphates You add dilute HCl in which 4 anion tests Gives CO2 with both carbonates and hydrogencarbonates As distinguishing test for sulfates and sulfites – both gave white ppt with BaCl2 (sulfate – ppt unchanged)

Questions AgNO3 is used to test for ? Chloride You add conclusion can you draw if a white ppt forms when BaCl2 is added to a solution ? Solution is either a sulfate or sulfite What is the confirmatory test for phosphates? The yellow ppt(from addition of ammonium molybdate, conc HNO3 and gentle heating ) dissolves in dilute ammonia solution (NH4OH)

The End!