Sexuality and Sexual Reproductive Health Laura Villa Torres Health Behavior and Health Education Gillings School of Global Public Health MSPH- PhD Student, 2016

What is “Sexuality”?  Our bodies, including our sexual and reproductive anatomy  our biological sex — male, female, or intersex  our gender — being a girl, boy, woman, man, or transgender  our gender identities — our comfort with and feelings about our gender  our sexual orientations — straight, lesbian, gay, bisexual  our sex drives  our sexual identity — the way we feel about our sex, gender, and sexual orientation

How is “Sexuality” expressed and what influences it?  Body image  Desires, thoughts, fantasies, sexual pleasure, sexual preferences  Our values, attitudes, beliefs, and ideal about life, love, and sexual relationships  Our sexual behaviors  Our biology  Emotional lives  Family lives  Culture and status  Ethnical, religious and spiritual beliefs

In summary…  We are all sexual beings from the moment we are born until we die

Why is all these important?…  Need to move away from fear  Enjoy our sexuality  Seek for pleasure and happiness  Non-violence  Safe and healthy, emotional and physical health

What is Sexual Health?  Sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. (WHO)

Sexual Transmitted Infections (STIs)  Bacterial  Bacterial vaginosis  Chlamydia  Syphilis  Gonorrhea  Parasites  Trichomoniasis  Viral  Hepatitis **  Human papilloma virus (HPV)**  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Prevention:  Abstinence  Fewer sexual partners  Condom  Testing  Vaccination ** Attention:  Antivirals/ antiretroviral  Antibiotics  Nutrition  Reduction of sexual partners 

What is Reproductive Health?  Reproductive Health addresses the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life. Reproductive health, therefore, implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.  Implicit in this are the right of men and women to be informed of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of fertility regulation of their choice, and the right of access to appropriate health care services that will enable women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. (WHO)

What is Reproductive Health?  Contraception  Fertility  Pregnancy  Safe abortion  Maternal and child health

Contraception  How does pregnancy happens?

Menstrual cycle  How long does an egg “live”?  How long does sperm “live”?

Hormonal Contraceptives  Pills  Patch  Injectable  Sponge  Ring  IUD  endedpregnancy/contraception.htm endedpregnancy/contraception.htm Barrier  Condom Female/ Male Permanent  Sterilization Female / Male

Healthy relationships  What are characteristics of a healthy relationship?

Violence

Cycle of violence

SRH Care Services  Counseling on contraception and condom use  Testing and treatment for STIs  Counseling about HIV  Pregnancy  Sexual orientation services  Violence counseling and security plans 

Lastly… you have SR Rights!  Right to freedom of sexual expression  Right to access sexual and reproductive health services  Right to benefit from advancements in technology  Right to live a life free from coercion and violence  n+sexual+and+reproductive+rights.htm n+sexual+and+reproductive+rights.htm