Minerals.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chapter 3: Matter and Minerals (part II)

Advertisements

Chapter 1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks. Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks By definition a mineral is/has Naturally occurring Inorganic solid Ordered.

Minerals of Earth’s Crust Chapter 5. What is a mineral? A natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly.

Mineral Identification

What is a Mineral?. To be considered a mineral, the object MUST possess all 5 of the following characteristics…

What is a Mineral pages the building blocks of rocks Minerals of Earth’s Crust.

Minerals. A Mineral is… Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man.

Minerals Unit 3 Notes. What is a mineral? A mineral must be all of the following: Naturally occurring Inorganic solid (not living) Definite structure.

Minerals Modified from a PowerPoint presentation prepared by J. Crelling, Southern Illinois University.

Minerals The Geologic Alphabet. Definition of a Mineral Natural Solid Inorganic Crystalline Structure Chemical Compound Source: E. R. Degginger/Bruce.

What is a Mineral? Identifying Minerals.. You may think that all minerals look like gems. But, in fact, most minerals look more like rocks. Does this.

Minerals: Building blocks of rocks.

MINERALS ARE MADE UP OF SINGLE ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS A SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN TO ANY SIMPLER SUBSTANCE EIGHT MOST COMMON ELEMENTS.

Minerals Chapter 3 Sec. 1 & 2.

MINERALS. Chemical composition of the Crust n Oxygen most abundant- 46.6% n Followed by silicon and aluminum n Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium.

Properties & Special Properties

Earth Science Notes MINERALS. Definition of a Mineral A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid with a definite chemical composition.

MINERALS Chapter 3. Section 1 What is it? 1. Naturally occurring- formed by processes on or outside Earth with NO input from humans 2. Inorganic- Not.

Minerals Chapter 4. What is a mineral Mineral- a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline.

Ch 3 Minerals Worlds largest diamond mine. Layers of the Earth Crust (8 to 32 km) Mantle (2900 km) Liquid Core(2250 km) Solid Core (1300 km)

Silicates SiO n silicon oxide  1/3 of all minerals are silicates  about 95% of the Earth’s crust is composed of silicates.

Minerals: Building blocks of rocks. Minerals: Building blocks of rocks Introduction What are minerals and how are they different from rocks? What are.

Chapter 2 Minerals Remember >>>> The Earth is made of matter anything that has mass & takes up space Matter- anything that has mass & takes up space Most.

Minerals ***A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with a crystalline structure and a consistent chemical composition***.

Chapter 1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

CHAPTER 5 MINERALS Name: __________________ Period: _____ Date: ___________________.

Atoms Atoms – basic building blocks for all earth materials; consist of 3 basic components: protons, neutrons, electrons Atoms – basic building blocks.

Geology Rocks, Minerals, Volcanoes, & Earthquakes.

Minerals, Rocks, and Mineral Resources

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens.

Minerals The Building Blocks of Rocks. Natural Beauties The Hope Diamond.

1. A mineral occurs naturally 2. A mineral is solid (definite shape & volume). It’s a crystalline structure.

MINERALS. Minerals must have four characteristics: ▪ it must be inorganic—not made of or by living things; ▪ it must occur naturally—it cannot be man-made;

Minerals UNIT 2 STANDARDS: STATE OBJECTIVES: NCES 2.1.1, 2.1.3, LESSON 2.

Minerals. What is a mineral? Naturally occurring inorganic (no living thing or remains) Solid Definite shape ( arranged in an orderly pattern) definite.

Vocabulary Objectives mineral Luster Cleavage Hardness Gem crystal

What is a mineral? Naturally occurring Naturally occurring Solid substance Solid substance Orderly crystalline structure Orderly crystalline structure.

MINERALS CH. 2. The building blocks of minerals are elements. MINERALS.

Minerals. A Mineral is… 1. Naturally Occurring – made by nature – not by man Question: What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Chapter 3: Matter and Minerals (part II)

Chapter 1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Minerals Minerals are naturally-occurring inorganic solids that possess a definite chemical structure. -Over 4000 different minerals on Earth -Must have.

Minerals Mineral - A naturally occurring inorganic solid with specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure. Materials made in a lab.

Minerals. Matter  Matter is anything that has volume and mass Solid- definite shape and volume Liquid- only definite volume Gas- neither definite shape.

MINERALS. MINERAL – a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly internal arrangement of atoms (crystalline structure) and a definite (but not.

Unit 2 Rocks and Minerals. Minerals: Occur naturally in the Earth Inorganic – not formed by living things Solid Crystal structure – atoms or molecules.

MINERALS CHAPTER 4. Minerals play important roles in forming rocks and in shaping Earth’s surface, and a select few have played a role in shaping civilization.

Properties and Uses. Identify the physical properties that can be used to identify common minerals Identify major elements in the Earth’s crust Explain.

Minerals Chapter 8. Minerals "A mineral is an element of chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological.

Minerals. What is a Mineral? All Minerals Must Meet the Following Criteria Naturally Occurring Naturally Occurring Inorganic Inorganic Solid at room temperature.

Minerals Mineral Mineral Formation A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure. – Naturally formed – not made by people.

DEFINITION OF MINERAL Naturally occurring, Inorganic Solid with a definable chemical composition and crystal structure Physical Properties Crystal Form.

Minerals Aluminum Silicate minerals Calcium carbonate Iron pyrite.

Learning Target = Matter & Minerals

Bellringer: -Describe all the differences you can see between these minerals (use mineral characteristics). -What could be different that you cannot.

Minerals Composition and Physical and Chemical Properties

Earth Science Notes MINERALS.

Presentation transcript:

Minerals

All minerals are rocks, but not all rocks are minerals! Minerals vs. Rocks Rock – an aggregate of minerals (mixture of minerals). Mineral – naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids, with a definite chemical composition. All minerals are rocks, but not all rocks are minerals!

Granite (rock) mixture of: Feldspar (mineral) Quartz (mineral) Biotite (mineral)

Properties of Minerals 1. Crystal Form External expression of a mineral’s internal orderly arrangement of atoms. Size of the crystal is based on time & available space.

Crystal Shapes: Cubic Hexagonal Tetragonal Orthorhombic Monoclinic Triclinic

Properties of Minerals 2. Luster Appearance /quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral. Metallic vs. Nonmetallic.

Choosing the Luster: Luster Shiny like a metal? Yes Metallic No Nonmetallic What kind of nonmetallic? Vitreous (glassy) Pearly Silky Resinous Earthy

Properties of Minerals 3. Color Outer appearance. Unreliable property. A mineral may have several color varieties.

Properties of Minerals 4. Streak Color of the mineral in a powdered form. Obtained by rubbing the mineral across a streak plate.

Properties of Minerals 5. Hardness Resistance to abrasion or scratching. Mohs’ Scale Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Feldspar Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond Softest Hardest

How to test a mineral’s hardness Start by moving an unknown sample across a sample with a hardness of 1. 2. If the unknown scratches the known sample, then it is harder….so keep testing the others until it doesn’t scratch it. 3. If it doesn’t scratch it, then it is softer than the known sample so it is lower on the scale. 4. If they scratch each other, they are the same hardness.

Properties of Minerals 6. Cleavage Tendency for a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding. Smooth surfaces. Not to be confused with crystals.

Properties of Minerals 7. Fracture Opposite of cleavage. Conchoidal fracture = curved edges. Fibrous fracture = splinters/fibers.

Properties of Minerals 8. Specific Gravity Comparison between the weight of a mineral to the weight of an equal volume of water. Comparison of densities. Written as the number of times heavier/lighter than water.

Properties of Minerals 9. Other Properties Taste Elasticity Malleability Texture Magnetism Double Refraction Reaction to acids (HCl)

Mineral Groups O Si Al Fe Ca Na K Mg 8 elements make up 98% of the Earth’s crust (by weight). O Si Al Fe Ca Na K Mg

Mineral Groups Silicate Group Minerals made of O and Si. ¾ of the minerals in the continental crust are silicates. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (1 silicon to 4 oxygen) then bonded to another element(s). EXAMPLES: Quartz, Feldspars, Micas

Mineral Groups Carbonates Group Halides Group Minerals made of CO3 bonded with other elements. EXAMPLES: Calcite & Dolomite Halides Group Minerals made with members of the halogen family. Formed through evaporation. Halite & Fluorite

Mineral Groups Sulfates Group Oxides Group Minerals made of SO4 bonded with other elements. EXAMPLES: Gypsum Oxides Group Minerals made with Oxygen bonded with other elements. Hematite & Ice

Mineral Groups Native Elements Group Sulfides Group Minerals that are pure elements (usually metals). EXAMPLES: Copper, Diamond, Graphite Sulfides Group Minerals made with Sulfur bonded with other elements. Pyrite

Mineral Resources Ores – useful metallic minerals that are mined at a profit. EXAMPLES: Hematite (Iron), Sphalerite (Zinc), Galena (Lead), Cinnabar (Mercury). Industrial rocks & minerals – useful nonmetallic minerals that are mined at a profit. EXAMPLES: Fluorite, Sulfur, Halite (salt) The amount of a mineral in a deposit must be concentrated several times it’s crustal percentage to be considered profitable.

Mineral Resources Gemstones – Crystal forms of minerals that posses beauty of such quality that command a price when cut & polished. Precious gems – have beauty, durability, size, and rarity. Diamond Emerald (Beryl) Ruby (Corundum) Sapphire (Corundum)

Mineral Resources Semiprecious gems – only have one or two of the qualities of precious gems. EXAMPLES: Amethyst , Topaz, Garnet, Zircon Non-mineral gems – stones that have value, but are not minerals. EXAMPLES: Coral, Amber, Pearl Precious Metals – metallic minerals that have high value. EXAMPLES: Gold, Silver, Platinum