Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU

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Presentation transcript:

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? Electrical flow derived from solar radiation.

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Advantages Solar power is… –Renewable

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Energy Incident in US Kansas – about 5,000Whrs per square meter per day

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Advantages Solar power is… –Renewable –Environmentally Sound

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Advantages Solar power is… –Renewable –Environmentally Sound –Versatile

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Disadvantages – the four Ds Solar power is…

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Disadvantages – the four Ds Solar power is… –Diurnal

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Disadvantages – the four Ds Solar power is… –Diurnal –Diffuse

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Disadvantages – the four Ds Solar power is… –Diurnal –Diffuse –Dis-efficient –De-inexpensive

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Disadvantages – the four Ds Solar power is… –Diurnal –Diffuse –(Dis)efficient ?? –(Dis)inexpensive ??

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems Concentrating Solar Power –Thermic (heat driven) Photovoltaics –Photic (light driven)

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Concentration Systems Harness heat to generate electricity. –Heat used to create steam to turn turbine turbine makes electricity

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Concentration Systems Troughs. Kramer Junction Facility, CA

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Concentration Systems Power Towers. Solar Two Facility, 10 MW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Concentration Systems Parabolic Dishes.

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Concentration Systems Harness heat to generate electricity. –Heat used to run engine.

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Concentration Systems Dish Stirling (Stirling Energy Systems) –Heat used for engine (Stirling Engine) that makes electricity.

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Concentration Systems SES Dish Sterling. Peak production: 25 kW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential

Concentration Systems - Applications Power Plants. Kramer Junction Trough Plant Seville, Spain Power Tower Facility Model Dish Stirling Plant

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics Light energy converted to electrical energy. –based on properties of silicon.

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Serpa Power Plant, Portugal. Peak production: 11 mW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Zero-Energy Home

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) –Can be on or off grid Zero-Energy Home

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) –Can be on or off grid Project Solar House

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics – Building Scale Array Zero-Energy Home

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics – Building Scale Array Inverter system

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics – Building Scale Array Inverter system Storage System

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Applications Power plants. Building-scale (distributed) Point-of-Use

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Innovations Amorphous Silicon

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Innovations Amorphous Silicon Thin Film

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Innovations Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Translucent PV Organic PVs

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - Innovations Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Translucent PV Organic PVs

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - BIPVs solar shingles Rooftop applications

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - BIPVs solar laminate Rooftop applications

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - BIPVs horizontal lights Rooftop applications

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - BIPVs Hong Kong Science Park 200 kW peak production Facade applications

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Photovoltaics - BIPVs Hong Kong Science Park 200 kW peak production Facade applications

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities In Use (as of 2006). –Photovoltaics –Concentrator Systems

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Photovoltaics In Use (as of 2006). –8,800 MW in use.

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities 1,744 MW (mostly distributed installations) Photovoltaics Installed (in 2006). –Photovoltaics

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities 8,800 MW 524 MW (most in US) Installed (by 2006). –Photovoltaics –Concentrator Systems

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Under Construction. 3,800 MW produced in 2007 (mostly distributed installations) 115 MW (all in Spain) –Photovoltaics –Concentrator Systems

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Over 13,000 MW power installed or under construction. –Enough to power 2.5 million US homes

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Announced. Lots. California: 3,000 MW by 2010 Japan: 5,000 MW by 2010 Germany: 20% renewable by ,000 MW (2300 MW are US installations) –Photovoltaics –Concentrator Systems

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Photovoltaic Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture 1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed 1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation 2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar Roofs installed 2003 – 887 MW PV power in use 2010 – 4810 MW (projected) New manufacture of PV per year, in MW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Photovoltaic Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture 1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed 1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation 2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar Roofs installed 2003 – 887 MW PV power in use 2010 – 4810 MW (projected) New manufacture of PV per year, in MW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Photovoltaic Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture 1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed 1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation 2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar Roofs installed 2003 – 887 MW PV power in use 2010 – 4810 MW (projected) New manufacture of PV per year, in MW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Photovoltaic Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture 1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed 1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation 2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar Roofs installed 2003 – 887 MW PV power in use 2010 – 4810 MW (projected) New manufacture of PV per year, in MW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Solar Power Systems - Capacities Photovoltaic Japan: World leader in PV use and manufacture 1992 – 32 MW of PV power installed 1997 – 70,000 Roofs plan begins Government subsidizes PV installation, promotes massive publicity campaign, encourages developer participation 2002 – 70,000 Roofs plan terminated; net result: 144,000 Solar Roofs installed 2003 – 887 MW PV power in use 2010 – 4810 MW (projected) New manufacture of PV per year, in MW

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Efficiency – how much fuel energy is converted to electrical energy

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy?

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy? –Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%)

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy? –Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 20%) Gen-2 cell. 22% efficient

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy? –Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 20%) Monocrystalline limit: 25% Polycrystalline limit: 20% Amorphous/thin film: 10% SunPower’s SPR % efficient

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy? –Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%) Monocrystalline limit: 25% Polycrystalline limit: 20% Amorphous/thin film: 10% –Parabolic troughs: 21% –Power towers: 23% –Dish engines: 29.4% Kyocera’s SPR % efficient

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy? –Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%) Monocrystalline limit: 25% Polycrystalline limit: 20% Amorphous/thin film: 10% –Parabolic troughs: 21% –Power towers: 23% –Dish engines: 29.4% Uni-solar Membrane. 9.3% efficient

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy? –Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 22%) Monocrystalline limit: 25% Polycrystalline limit: 20% Amorphous/thin film: 10% –Parabolic troughs: 21% –Power towers: 23% –Dish engines: 29.4%

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient are conventional power plants?

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Coal efficiency

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient are conventional power plants?

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient are conventional power plants? 32%

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How efficient is solar energy? –Photovoltaics: 10-15% on average (high as 20%) –Parabolic troughs: 21% –Power towers: 23% –Dish engines: 29.4% –Coal plants: 32%

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense How expensive is solar energy? –capital costs –operating costs –maintenance costs

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Capital cost – how much to start generating power –Coal fired power plant Highwood Generating Station– Southern Montana Electric. 250 MW Plant estimated to cost $720 million - $2.88 per watt

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Photovoltaics - $8-10 per watt Solar Concentrator Systems – $4-10 per watt Stirling Energy System – roughly $250k for 25kW system they anticipate that the dish could be made for $100k or less Parabolic troughs $4-5 per watt

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Capital costs for Solar Power Systems are on the decline Photovoltaics

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Solar Concentrator Systems Dish Stirling could be made for $100k or less Simply doubling size of plant reduces cost per watt by 15% If power plant sizes reach MW, plant costs are projected to be comparable to coal plants. –Dish Stirling - $2.65/watt –Parabolic Troughs - $2.88/watt –Power Tower - $2.73/watt

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Operating costs –Coal plants: fuel –Solar power systems: no fuel

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Cost figures for PVs include cost of system –Coal plants: fuel – costs from cents per kWh 8-14 cents to consumer in US –PVs: cents per kWh

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential Efficiency & Expense Why so different? –Solar power includes capital costs

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential How do we increase solar power use? –Rebates for installations –Net metering laws – electric companies buy excess electricity at market prices –Set policy Ohio, Colorado – 2.5% solar “carve-out” Germany KU – student referendum

Solar Power: Types, Capacities, Potential What is solar power? R. Todd Gabbard, LEED-AP, Assoc. AIA Asst. professor, Dept of Architecture, KSU