Lesson 2 Controlling the Greenhouse Climate

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed! zHS ‐ LS2 ‐ 3. Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on conceptual understanding of the role of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in different environments.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the specific chemical processes of either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. zRST.11 ‐ 12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account.(HS ‐ LS1 ‐ 1) zWHST.9 ‐ 12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. (HS ‐ LS1 ‐ 1)

Bell Work/ Student Learning Objectives z1. Describe methods of heating greenhouse structures. z2. Explain major greenhouse cooling and ventilation systems. z3. Discuss how energy curtains are used to maintain greenhouse temperatures. z4. Identify greenhouse climate control systems.

Terms zAnalog controls zComputer controls zComputerized environmental management systems zEnergy curtains zEnvironmental controls zFan and pad cooling system

Terms zFog System zHot water heat system zInfrared heat system zPolyethylene tubes zShort-day curtains zSteam heat z Thermostats z Unit heaters z Vents

Interest Approach zA greenhouse is filled with thousands of dollars in plants. One night, the heater malfunctions and the temperature drops to 25ºF. What would happen to the plants? What would happen to the greenhouse or nursery business? Why is it important to regulate the temperature inside a greenhouse?

What methods are used to heat greenhouse structures? zThe ability to heat greenhouses is important on cold, cloudy days and at night. Solar energy on sunny days is often enough to keep a greenhouse warm, even in cold weather. There are several different methods used to heat greenhouses. Heating systems are often based on economical fuels available.

y A hot water heat system involves heating water in a boiler and pumping the hot water through pipes located in the greenhouse. The pipes are often placed under the benches. These systems have low maintenance and deliver even heat.

ySteam heat involves boilers that bring water to a boil and the resulting steam flows through pipes in the greenhouse. Steam heat is not as even as hot water heat. ySmall greenhouses are often heated by unit heaters. Unit heaters heat air within the unit, then blow the air throughout the greenhouse.

y Polyethylene tubes attached to the unit help to evenly distribute the airflow. Unit heaters are inexpensive, but cost more to operate than other systems. Unit heaters are commonly used as backup systems. yInfrared heat systems produce heat.

yEnergy is absorbed by the plants, media, and benches. Infrared heat systems do not heat the air. Since these systems must be placed at the peak of the greenhouse, they are best suited for high greenhouse structures so the energy can radiate throughout the house.

What are the major greenhouse cooling and ventilation systems? zTo maintain optimum temperatures for plant growth it is important to be able to keep the greenhouse cool when outside temperatures are warm or when the sun is shining. Sophisticated cooling and ventilation systems have been developed for this purpose.

yThe fan and pad cooling system is based on evaporation of water. Cellulose or aspen pads at one end of the house are kept wet, while fans at the other end of the house pull outside air through the pads. Air entering the house is cooled as water in the pads evaporates.

yFog systems involve an atomizer that produces water vapor. The flash evaporation of this water cools the greenhouse. yVents consist of panels that open and allow air exchange with the outside. Vents allow for natural cooling.

How are energy curtains used to maintain greenhouse temperatures? zThe use of energy curtains helps to maintain temperatures and reduce heating and cooling costs. yEnergy curtains are automated systems using fabrics that can insulate a greenhouse at night and shade the crops during the day. The curtains are installed from gutter to gutter and are opened and closed by computerized systems.

yShort-day curtains are similar to energy curtains. However, they provide darkness that simulates a short- day effect. This allows for control of plant processes such a flowering.

What are the common greenhouse climate control systems? zClimate control systems give the grower the power to control temperatures within the greenhouse. Environmental controls are devices used to turn greenhouse systems on and off, including heating and cooling systems. yThermostats are low cost, easy to install environmental controls.

xOn-off thermostats control fans, heaters, and vents with the change of temperatures.  Proportioning thermostats provide continuous control of systems with the change of temperature.

yAnalog controls use proportioning thermostats to run amplifiers and electronic circuitry. The heating and cooling operations are integrated resulting in better performance than provided by just a thermostat.

xComputer controls use microprocessors to make complex judgments based on information from a number of sensors. Computerized environmental management systems, although expensive, are accurate and can control all the automated systems together.

Review/Summary zWhat methods are used to heat greenhouse structures? zWhat are the major greenhouse cooling and ventilation systems? zHow are energy curtains used to maintain greenhouse temperatures? zWhat are the common greenhouse climate control systems?

The End!