An Overview of Young Worker Safety and Health Training Training Module 1 Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO

The Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at GTRI Coordinate and promote the efforts of health and safety training programs throughout the Southeast Develop a culture of workplace safety among young workers Build a distinct young worker safety certificate program Long range goal of providing online, interactive web based versions of these training programs

Acknowledgement of Sources http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/talkingsafety/ Introduction to OSHA http://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction_generalindustry/teachingaids.html Work Safe, Work Smart: Health and Safety Awareness for Working Teens curriculum. University of Washington: Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industries. OSHA’s 11 – An OSHA 10 Hour General Industry Curriculum: University of Washington: Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industries.

Course Agenda- Overview Young Worker Injuries and Illnesses Identification of workplace hazards (including chemical, biological, safety, and other health hazards) Ways to reduce young worker injuries and illnesses Personal Protective Equipment Young worker rights and responsibilities- An overview of Young Worker Labor Laws

Occupational Injuries and Deaths Among Young Workers^ Younger workers (defined as those aged 15-24 years): Represent 14% of the U.S. labor force Overrepresented in dangerous jobs: construction, transportation, agriculture, and mining. 2009: there were 343 fatalities among this group Workers under 25 years old were twice as likely to end up in the emergency room when compared to those aged 25 and older ^Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. April 23, 2010, Vol. 59, No. 15.

Sharing Work Related Experiences How many of you have ever had a job? Where did you work? What did you do? Have you ever been hurt at work, or do you know someone who was? Have you ever been uncomfortable with a task you’ve been asked to do at work?

What is a Job Hazard? A job hazard is anything at work that can hurt you, either physically or mentally. Ask class to brainstorm list of hazards

Hazard Categories Hazard Biological “Pressure Cooker” Physical Chemical Other Health Hazards “Pressure Cooker” Hazard Tell the class that hazards can be divided into five categories: Safety hazards can cause immediate accidents and injuries. (Examples: knives, hot grease, etc.) Chemical hazards are gases, vapors, liquids, or dusts that can harm your body. (Examples: cleaning products or pesticides.) Discuss how chemicals can get into the body. Biological hazards are living things that can cause sickness or disease. (Examples: bacteria, viruses, or insects.) Other health hazards are harmful things, not in other categories, that can injure you or make you sick. They are sometimes less obvious because they may not cause health problems right away. (Examples: noise, radiation, repetitive movements, heat, cold) “Pressure Cooker or Unspoken” hazards (unsafe equipment or procedures; emergency situations: fires, explosions, severe injury, violence; stressful conditions; inadequate training; inadequate supervision; deadlines, production requirements, etc.) Brainstorm examples within the categories using memories or personal experiences onto the Hazard Chart. See Lesson Plan for instructions.

Hazard Categories Safety hazards: can cause immediate accidents and injuries. (Examples: knives, hot grease, etc.) Chemical hazards: are gases, vapors, liquids, or dusts that can harm your body. (Examples: cleaning products or pesticides.) Discuss how chemicals can get into the body. Biological hazards: are living things that can cause sickness or disease. (Examples: bacteria, viruses, or insects.)

Hazard Categories Other health hazards: are harmful things, not in other categories, that can injure you or make you sick. They are sometimes less obvious because they may not cause health problems right away. (Examples: noise, radiation, repetitive movements, heat, cold) “Pressure Cooker or Unspoken” hazards: unsafe equipment or procedures emergency situations: fires, explosions, severe injury, violence stressful conditions inadequate training inadequate supervision deadlines, production requirements, etc.

Hazard Mapping

Prevention Strategies Remove the Hazard or Build a Barrier Improve Work Policies & Procedures Use Protective Clothing & Equipment Poll the class as to which method seems the best, next best, and least best.

Your Right to a… The creation of OSHA provided workers the right to a safe and healthful workplace. Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act states: “Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees." www.osha.gov or call: 1-800-321-OSHA

What Rights Do All Employees Have Under OSHA? You have the right to: A safe and healthful workplace Know about hazardous chemicals Information about injuries and illnesses in your workplace Complain or request hazard correction from employer Training Hazard exposure and medical records File a complaint with OSHA Participate in an OSHA inspection Be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights

Youth Rules! Child Labor Laws are designed to protect teens under 18 from: Working long or late hours From doing certain dangerous tasks on the job Federal regulations updated on July 19, 2010 Where to go for more information: Youth Rules! Website : http://youthrules.dol.gov/ Wage and Hour Division of Department of Labor : http://www.dol.gov/whd/

Rules based on age AGE JOB TYPES WORKING HOURS 18+ Any job, hazardous or not No limits 16 and 17 Any non-hazardous job No limits on times or hours 14 and 15 Outside school hours in non-manufacturing, non-mining, and non-hazardous jobs 7AM – 7PM Labor Day to June 1 (can’t miss school for work) Max. hours during school: 3 hours/day, 18 hours/week 7AM – 9PM June 1 to Labor Day Max. working hours non-school: 8 hours/day, 40 hours/week Under 14 Can work in business owned by parents, perform babysitting or minor chores around private home, deliver newspapers, perform in radio, television, etc. Minimum working age is 14 OCCUPATIONS BANNED FOR ALL MINORS UNDER THE AGE OF 18 The Hazardous Occupations Orders (HO)   The FLSA establishes an 18-year minimum age for those nonagricultural occupations that the Secretary of Labor finds and declares to be particularly hazardous for 16- and 17-year-old minors, or detrimental to their health or well-being. In addition, Child Labor Regulation No. 3 also bans 14- and 15-year-olds from performing any work proscribed by the HOs. There are currently 17 HOs which include a partial or total ban on the occupations or industries they cover. HO 1. Manufacturing or storing explosives—bans minors working where explosives are manufactured or stored, but permits work in retail stores selling ammunition, gun shops, trap and skeet ranges, and police stations. HO 2. Driving a motor vehicle or work as an outside helper on motor vehicles—bans operating motor vehicles on public roads and working as outside helpers on motor vehicles, except 17-year-olds may drive cars or small trucks during daylight hours for limited times and under strictly limited circumstances (see Fact Sheet #34 in this series for information about on-the-job driving). HO 3. Coal mining—bans most jobs in coal mining. HO 4. Occupations in forest fire fighting, forest fire prevention, timber tract, forestry service, and occupations in logging and sawmilling operations—bans most jobs in: forest fire fighting; forest fire prevention that entails extinguishing an actual fire; timber tract management; forestry services; logging; and sawmills. HO 5. Power-driven woodworking machines—bans the operation of most power-driven woodworking machines, including chain saws, nailing machines, and sanders. * HO 6. Exposure to radioactive substances and ionizing radiation—bans employment of minors where they are exposed to radioactive materials. HO 7. Power-driven hoisting apparatus—bans operating, riding on, and assisting in the operation of most power-driven hoisting apparatus such as forklifts, non-automatic elevators, Bobcat loaders, skid steer loaders, backhoes, manlifts, scissor lifts, cherry pickers, work-assist platforms, boom trucks, and cranes. Does not apply to chair-lifts at ski resorts or electric and pneumatic lifts used to raise cars in garages and gasoline service stations. HO 8. Power-driven metal-forming, punching and shearing machines—bans the operation of certain power-driven metal-working machines but permits the use of most machine tools.* HO 9. Mining, other than coal—bans most jobs in mining at metal mines, quarries, aggregate mines, and other mining sites including underground work in mines, work in or about open cut mines, open quarries, and sand and gravel operations. HO 10. Power-driven meat-processing machines, slaughtering and meat packing plants—bans the operation of power-driven meat processing machines, such as meat slicers, saws and meat choppers, wherever used (including restaurants and delicatessens).  Also prohibits minors from cleaning such equipment, including the hand-washing of the disassembled machine parts.  This ban also includes the use of this machinery on items other than meat, such as cheese and vegetables. HO 10 also bans most jobs in meat and poultry slaughtering, processing, rendering, and packing establishments.* HO 11. Power-driven bakery machines—bans the operation of power-driven bakery machines such as vertical dough and batter mixers; dough rollers, rounders, dividers, and sheeters; and cookie or cracker machines.  Permits 16- and 17-year-olds to operate certain lightweight, small, portable, counter-top mixers and certain pizza dough rollers under certain conditions. HO 12. Balers, compactors, and power-driven paper-products machines—bans the operation of all compactors and balers and certain power-driven paper products machines such as platen-type printing presses and envelope die cutting presses.  Sixteen- and 17-year-olds may load, but not operate or unload, certain scrap paper balers and paper box compactors under very specific guidelines (see Fact Sheet #57). * HO 13. Manufacturing of brick, tile and related products—bans most jobs in the manufacture of brick, tile and similar products. HO 14. Power-driven circular saws, band saws, guillotine shears, chain saws, reciprocating saws, wood chippers, and abrasive cutting discs—bans the operation of, and working as a helper on, the named types of power-driven equipment, no matter what kind of items are being cut by the equipment.* HO 15. Wrecking, demolition, and ship-breaking operations—bans most jobs in wrecking, demolition, and ship-breaking operations, but does not apply to remodeling or repair work which is not extensive. HO 16. Roofing operations and work performed on or about a roof—bans most jobs in roofing operations, including work performed on the ground and removal of the old roof, and all work on or about a roof* (see Fact Sheet #74) HO 17. Trenching and excavation operations—bans most jobs in trenching and excavation work, including working in a trench more than four feet deep.* * The regulations provide a limited exemption from HOs 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 17 for apprentices and student-learners who are at least 16 years of age and enrolled in approved programs. The term "operation" as used in HOs 5, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 14 generally includes the tasks of setting up, adjusting, repairing, oiling or cleaning the equipment.

Handling Workplace Safety Problems Steps in Problem Solving: Define the problem Get advice Choose your goals Know your rights Decide the best way to talk to the supervisor If necessary, contact an outside agency for help.

Building Resources International Resources Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety: Young Worker Zone http://www.ccohs.ca/youngworkers/ Work Safe British Columbia: Young Workers at Risk http://www2.worksafebc.com/Topics/YoungWorker/Home.asp International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Safeworkforyouth/lang-- en/index.htm Youth@Work (Safe, fair, productive young working lives) presented by the Government of South Australia http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/youth/ WorkSafe: Saskatchewan (Canada) http://www.worksafesask.ca/Youth

Building Resources National Resources Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) www.osha.gov and http://www.youth2work.gov/ National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youth/ Youngworkers.org http://www.youngworkers.org/home.htm *The California Resource Network for Young Workers’ Health and Safety and home of The National Young Worker Safety Resource Center United States Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division (WHD) Youth Rules! http://www.youthrules.dol.gov/teens/default.htm National Children’s Center for Rural Agricultural Health and Safety http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nccrahs/ Gulf Coast Safety Institute www.com.edu/gcsi

Building Resources Georgia Local Resources Georgia Department of Education http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/ http://www.gadoe.org/ Georgia Department of Education: Career, Technology and Agricultural Education http://www.gadoe.org/ci_cta.aspx SkillsUSA www.skillsusageorgia.org and www.skillsusa.org Georgia Technology Student Association www.gatsa.org Georgia Engineering and Technology Education Association www.getea.org Georgia Health Occupations Students of America www.georgiahosa.org Construction Education Foundation of Georgia www.cefga.org Trade and Industrial Educators of Georgia http://tiega.org/ MAGIC "Mentoring a Girl in Construction" , Inc. Summer Camp Program www.mentoringagirlinconstruction.com Project Safe Georgia www.projectsafegeorgia.org American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)- Georgia Chapter http://georgia.asse.org/  Georgia Local Section- American Industrial Hygiene Association (GLS-AIHA) http://www.georgiaaiha.org/

For More Information Email: youngworker@gtri.gatech.edu Website: www.youngworker.gatech.edu Twitter: @youngworker Facebook: Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at GTRI Phone: 404-407-8089 Address: Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at GTRI 260 14th Street Atlanta, GA 30332