LAMNET WORKSHOP ROME Lessons Learned from Bioenergy Program Implementation in Brazil JOSE ROBERTO MOREIRA Brazilian National Reference Center on Biomass CENBIO Palazzo dei Congressi, Rome, Italy May 09, 2004

MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF SUGARCANE INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL SUGARCANE BAGASSE HYDROLYSIS FOR FURTHER ETHANOL PRODUCTION FOSTERING ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM SUGARCANE A) PRESENT GROWTH B) FUTURE GROWTH – PROINFA FLEXFUEL VEHICLES CARBON SEQUESTRATION

SUGARCANE BAGASSE HYDROLYSIS FOR FURTHER ETHANOL PRODUCTION

ETHANOL (+) STILLAGE INTRODUCTION TO THE HYDROLYSIS PROCESS THE THREE PROCESSING STAGES TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIAL IN ALCOHOL HYDROLYSIS (SACCHARIFICATION) FERMENTATION ( + ) DISTILLATION ( + ) HEXOSES PENTOSES WINE + CO 2 + HEXOSES IN WINE PENTOSES IN WINE YEAST A YEAST B ACCID BATCH ACCID BATCH CELLULOSE HEMICELULOSE WATER (+) PHYSICAL PROCESS WINE

SCHEMATIC VIEW OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL FIBER HOW DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS SOLVES THESE PROBLEMS USING A STRONG LIGNIN SOLVENT, AT HIGH TEMPERATURE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACCESS CELLULOSE AND HEMICELLULOSE AFTER LIGNIN SOLUTION. FAST SPEED SUGAR FORMATION (MINUTES), INCREASES THE YIELD. HYDROLYSIS BATCH, ENHANCED BY THE LIGNIN SOLVENT, HAS A VERY SMALL ACID CONCENTRATION. IMMEDIATE REMOVAL OF SUGAR AND FAST COOLING OF HYDROLYSED PRODUCT INTERRUPTS SUGAR DEGRADATION DUE TEMPERATURE. HYDROLYSED NEUTRALIZATION STABILIZES SUGAR PRODUCED. LIGNIN CELLULOSE HEMICELLULOSE WHAT IS THE DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSE PROCESS

DHR CONTINUOUS REACTOR BAGASSE HYDRO SOLVENT SOLUTION WITH LOW ACCID CONCENTRATION LIGNIN SOLVENTS - THERE ARE MANY (ONLY RHODIA HAS 26) DEDINI TRIED SEVERAL SOLVENTS AND OPTED FOR ETHANOL CHEMICAL HYDROLISIS WITH VERY DILLUTED ACCID ORGANOSOLV PROCESS DHR PROCESS =+ HYDROLYSED PRODUCT FLASHNEUTRALISER WINE WHAT IS THE DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSE PROCESS

PRESENTLY: SMALL INDUSTRIAL UNIT IN OPERATION.. VERY SOON: CONCLUSION OF ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR DESIGN OF A INDUSTRIAL PLANT. SOON: AVAILABILITY OF COMMERCIAL DHR TECHNOLOGY FOR SALE

THE SMALL INDUSTRIAL UNIT - 5,000 L/DAY THE DEVELOPMENT OF DHR - DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY BAGASSE: INPUT MATERIAL FOR DHR PROCESS AND HYDROLYSIS UNIT HYDROLYSIS REACTOR WITH THE BAGASSE FEEDING SYSTEM

SOLVENT RECOVERY TOWER (ETHANOL) AND THE SEPARATION OF HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS FERMENTATION AND DISTILLATION: CONVENTIONAL AVAILABLE FACILITIES ARE USED THE DEVELOPMENT OF DHR - DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY THE SMALL INDUSTRIAL UNIT - 5,000 L/DAY

POTENTIAL AND IMPACT OF DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS PROCESS DHR - IMPACT ON PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ALCOHOL DISTILLERY - TRADITIONAL PROCESS 1 HA WINE 6,400 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL 80 T CLEAN CANE WITH THE SAME PLANTED AREA IT IS POSSIBLE ALMOST DOUBLE PRODUCTION ALCOHOL PLANT - TRADITIONAL PROCESS + DHR (EXPECTED RESULTS FOR MAXIMUM POTENTIAL PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY WITH ENERGY USE OPTIMISATION) 12,050 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL BAGASSE + SOME BARBOJO 5,650 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL 96 T INTEGRAL CANE (INCL. SOME BARBOJO) 6,400 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL WINE 1 HA

L Alc/t bag R$/L ,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,45 0,40 Initial Conservative Yield Acceptable for new emerging technology Higher productivity due to know- how and technology development Potential Process Yield DHR - ECONOMIC IMPACT ALCOHOL COST REDUCTION WITH DHR TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION 0,291 0,247 0, MAY / 02 1 US$=R$2,50 U$ 26 /Barrel ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE WITH TRADITIONAL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION PROCESS POTENTIAL AND IMPACT OF DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS PROCESS

FOSTERING ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM SUGARCANE PRESENT SITUATION

Installed Electricity Capacity in the Sugarcane Sector in State of Sao Paulo Average value in 2001 (5.98 MW and 132 units) Average Value in 2004 (11.06 MW and 138 units) Installed Capacity (MW) Number of Units

POTENTIAL BIOMASS GENERATION IN BRAZIL OFFICIAL EVALUATION RESULTS SUGARCANE SECTOR4,000MW RICE PROCESSING SECTOR 300MW PAPER AND CELLULOSIC SECTOR1,000MW

PROINFA - PROGRAM TO FOSTER USE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION 20 YEARS LONG PPA WITH ELETROBRAS FOR 3,300MW, SIGNED BY THE END OF MAY. CAP BY ENERGY SOURCE (1,100MW FOR BIOMASS, 1,100 MW FOR WIND & 1,100 FOR SMALL HYDRO) CAP BY REGION (220MW PER STATE PER ENERGY SOURCE) UP TO 25% OF THE TOTAL MAY BE INSTALLED BY CONVENTIONAL ELECTRIC UTILITES IF THERE IS NOT EOUGH DEMAND FROM IPP SUBSIDIES WILL BE COVERED BY ALL ELECTRICITY USERS. IPP WILL BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING THE DATE OF ISSUE OF INSTALLATION AUTHORISATION.

FOSTERING ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM SUGARCANE MEDIUM TERM

CURRENT POTENTIAL OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING GAS TURBINE GAS TURBINE AND STEAM TURBINE STEAM CONSUMPTION IN SUGARCANE PROCESSING = 280kg/TCANE FOR 290 MTONNES OF SUGARCANE: 290,000,000 X 0,250MWh/TCANNE = 72,500 GWh OR 16,111 MW FOR 4,500HRS/YR

NEAT ETHANOL & FLEXFUEL VEHICLES

Alcohol due advantages. Gasoline due tradition Both together to demonstrate this technology

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Source: Azar et al, 2003 and Author