Early Exploration 1492-1600

Reasons for Exploration The Plague and Warfare New Trade Routes New Technology Mercantilism/Gold Spread Christianity

Prince Henry the Navigator Son of King John I of Portugal Supported Portugal’s Exploration and Trade with Africa and Asia Invented or encouraged the use of the Caravel and Astrolabe Deathly afraid of water

Christopher Columubus Christopher Columbus Background Christopher Columubus 1. Born in Genoa, Italy in 1451 2. An experienced sailor, and cartographer (mapmaker) 3. Searched for faster trade routes to India and China, other than the ones found in Marco Polo’s journals. 4. Originally asked the Portuguese for sponsorship in 1484.

Columbus’s Journey 1. Columbus set sail on 8/3/1492 2. His ships were the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria 3. Columbus landed in the “New World” (Hispaniola and Cuba) on 10/12/1492 4. Columbus would make 4 journeys to the “New World” from 1492-1502, always thinking he’d made it to Asia

Reasons to Explore 1. Columbus came in search of Gold and riches to ship back to Spain. 3. Sought Glory by bringing some of the natives and samples of the flora back to Spain. 2. Spread Christianity, (God) primarily Roman Catholicism with the blessing of Pope Alexander VI.

Spanish Explorers Explorers Area Explored De Soto De Leon Cortes Cabrillo Coronado Balboa Pizarro Sails up the Mississippi River and explores the Gulf of Mexico Explores Florida and searches for the Fountain of Youth Conquers the Aztecs in Mexico Explores the Pacific Coast Explores Colorado Discovers the Pacific Ocean Conquers the Incas in Peru

Portuguese Exploration Explorers Area Explored 1. Diaz 2. da Gama 3. Cabral 1. East Coast of Africa and Sails the Cape of Good Hope. 2. Circumnavigates the coast of Africa and explores India 3. Explores Brazil

The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Spain: 1. Controls North and South America except for Brazil. Portugal: 1. Controls all of Africa and Islands in the Caribbean and Brazil.

The Columbian Exchange

St. Augustine, FL 1565 The First Successful European Colony in North America. It is the oldest continuous city in North America Established Spain’s control of the east coast of North America, and acted as a base for Spanish Pirate raids in the Caribbean.

Social Pyramid in Spanish Colonies Mestizos (people of mixed race) Native People and African Slaves Social Pyramid in Spanish Colonies •The Spanish colonial organization was based on hierarchical structure, which placed the Spanish at the top of the colonial society. •Mestizos were people made up of Spanish and Native cultures •Native Americans and Slaves were at the bottom of the Social Structure.

The Mission System 1. To establish security for its colonies, including its most valuable; New Mexico, Spain established the Mission System. 2. The Mission System was created by Fr. Junipero Serra 3. Missions were established along the frontier from California (San Francisco) to South Carolina.