Honors Biology Mr. Luis A. Velázquez The Periodic Table Honors Biology Mr. Luis A. Velázquez

Dynamic Periodic Table

Element Symbols All elements have a symbol. The symbol will always be a letter or two. Example: C, Ca The symbol will always begin with a capital letter. If the symbol has a second letter it will always be lower case.

Atomic Number A unique number for each element that equals the number of protons in an atom of that element.

Atomic Mass Number A unique number for each element that equals the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom. In other words is the sum of the nucleus of the atom. (P+N=mass)

Practice Bismuth Bi What is the atomic mass? 83 Bismuth Bi 209 209 What is the atomic mass? What is the atomic number? 83 83 What is the number of protons? What is the number of neutrons? 126

Elements A substance that cannot be broken down in to simpler substance. There 112 elements in the periodic table.

Elements 112 total elements 92 natural elements 20 artificial or synthetic elements man-made elements.

Elements 25 needed for life 4 Are essential elements for life they make 99% of living tissue C, H , O, N 1 Element essential for life

State of Matter of Elements 1. Solid is a substance that has definite shape and definite volume. 2. Liquid is a substance that has no definite shape and has definite volume. 3. Gas is a substance that has no definite shape and no definite volume.

1. Some elements are found in nature as gases. 2. There are 11 elements as a gas state. 3.Gases can be classify as stable or unstable gases. Unstable gases: (5) gases H, N, O, F, Cl Stable gases: (6) gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Liquids The two liquids are: Br, Hg 1. Some elements are found in nature as liquids. 2. There are 2 elements as liquid state. The two liquids are: Br, Hg

Summary There are 112 elements in the periodic table, the are subdivide into: 1.Gases (11) H,N,O,Cl,F,He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn 2.Liquids (2) Br, Hg 3.Solids (99) Li, C,Mg,Mn,Co, Au,Ag,Cu,Fe…

Energy Potential and kinetic energy in elements: 1.Gases : have very high energy (KE) (PE) 2.Liquids : have regular energy (KE) (PE) 3.Solids: have very low energy (KE) (PE)

Answer the following Due Today… Classify the following elements in Solid Liq or gas ____He ____C ____Mn ____Al ____Cl ____Br ____H ____Mg ____Ca ____N ____Hg ____Si ____Xe ____K Place an arrow to indicate the energy. Due Today…

C Understanding the atom 6 Atomic number = Protons = 6 12 The atomic number is the number of protons The atomic mass number is the number of protons and neutrons. The sum of the nucleus of the atom. 6 Atomic number = Protons = 6 C 12 Atomic mass = P + N = 12

Cl Understanding the atom 17 Atomic number = Protons = 17 Atomic mass = P + N = 35 35 17 P= N= 18 E= 17

Na Understanding the atom 11 Atomic number = Protons = 11 Atomic mass = P + N = 23 23 11 P= N= 12 E= 11

N Understanding the atom 7 Atomic number = Protons = 7 Atomic mass = P + N = 14 14 7 P= N= 7 E= 7

Ca Understanding the atom 20 Atomic number = Protons = 20 Atomic mass = P + N = 40 40 20 P= N= 20 E= 20

Answer the following 50 points ____Ni ____Zn ____Cu ____Al ____Au Make a table to show the amount of protons, electrons, and neutrons for each of the following elements . ____Ni ____Zn ____Cu ____Al ____Au ____P ____H ____Mg ____Ba ____Rb ____Hg ____S ____Xe ____K 50 points

Classifing Elements 87 Metals 17 No Metal 8 Metalloids At, Po, Te, Sb, As, Ge, Si, B

No Reaction Transitional Metals Negative Negative Negative 8A 1A 3A 4A

Non- metals Elements in nature that are found in the gas stage are not metals. There are 17 non- metals He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn F, Cl Br, I Se, S, P, O, N, C, H

Physical Properties of Metals They show metallic luster. They are opaque. They have high density. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solids (except mercury Hg) They are malleable and ductile in their solid state.

Chemical Properties of Metals They have one to four valence electrons. They are good reducing agents. A reducing agent is an element that can add electrons to another element. They form cations (positive ions) Example: Li+, Ca+2, Fe+3…

Physical Properties of Non-Metals Poor conductors of heat and electricity. Brittle - if a solid. Nonductile. Do not possess metallic luster. Transparent as a thin sheet. Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.

Chemical Properties of Non-Metals Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell. Gain or share valence electrons easily. Form oxides that are acidic. Are good oxidizing agents. Have higher electronegativities.

The Valence Number Column 1A has a valence number of 1. B series Transition Metals

Families of Elements 1A Alkali Metals 2A Alkaline Earth Metals 3A Boron Family 4A Carbon Family 5A Nitrogen Family 6A Oxygen Family 7A Halogens Family 8A Noble Gases

Alkali Metal Family Column 1A ( Except Hydrogen) Li Na Rb Cs Fr They are the most reactive elements in the periodic table.

Naming Compounds Metals are always positive. Metals are always written first. Metals are name the same way as the element. Non-Metals are always negative. Non-Metals are always written second. The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .

Calcium Oxide Naming Compounds Example: CaO Metals = Calcium (Ca) Metals are name the same way as the element. Non-Metals = Oxygen (O). The names of non-metals are always ending in ide . The names of non-metals oxide . The names of this compound is: Calcium Oxide

Sodium Chloride Naming Compounds Example: NaCl Metals = Sodium (Na) Metals are name the same way as the element. Non-Metals = Chlorine (Cl). The names of non-metals are always ending in ide . The names of non-metals chloride . The names of this compound is: Sodium Chloride

Magnesium Fluoride Naming Compounds Example: MgF2 Metals = Magnesium (Mg) Metals are name the same way as the element. Non-Metals = Fluorine (F). The names of non-metals are always ending in ide . The names of non-metals Fluoride . The names of this compound is: Magnesium Fluoride

Naming Non-metals Fluorine = Fluoride Chlorine = Chloride Bromine = Bromide Iodine = Iodide Oxygen = Oxide Sulfur = Sulfide Phosphorous = Phosphide

60 points Naming Compounds Problems Write the correct names for the following compounds . BaCl2 NaF Ag2O CuBr FeO MgS Al2O3 CaI2 BeS Hg2I2 CrCI3 K2S 60 points