Crimes Against Children: Child Abuse Chapter 13: and Child Fatalities Criminal Justice 2011 Chapter 13: Crimes Against Children: Child Abuse and Child Fatalities Criminal Investigation The Art and the Science by Michael D. Lyman Copyright 2011

CHAPTER SUMMARY 13.1 Describe the roles and distinctions between the pedophile and the child molester. 13.2 Understand the problem of child abuse and the investigator’s response to the problem. 13.3 Identify various techniques of child molestation investigations. 13.4 Discuss the role of the medical profession in cases involving sexual misconduct with children. 13.5 Identify interview techniques for child victims of sexual misconduct. 13.6 Understand problems associated with placing children on the witness stand in criminal trials.

Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcome 13.1 Describe the roles and distinctions between the pedophile and the child molester.

The Pedophile and the Child Molester. 13.1 The Pedophile and the Child Molester. Sexual Misconduct Pedophilia - sexual attraction to children. Child molester or child rapist.

Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcome 13.2 Understand the problem of child abuse and the investigator’s response to the problem.

Crimes Against Children 13.2 Crimes Against Children The Three Types of Crime Sexual crimes Physical abuse Neglect Lecture Notes: Physical abuse includes battered child syndrome, shaken baby syndrome, and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Neglect legally only includes the denial or lack of physical care to the child for reasons other than poverty. Sexual crimes include all sexual abuse and statutory rape where the child, (any child under the age of 18) consents to sexual contact or intercourse but statutorily is unable to give consent due to age.

Crimes Against Children 13.2 Crimes Against Children Child Abuse Victimization Rates by Age Photo placeholder Lecture Notes: Note the largest group is the youngest, most vulnerable, and least communicative.

Crimes Against Children 13.2 Crimes Against Children Child Abuse Victimization Rates by Race Photo placeholder Lecture Notes: Abuse is prevalent in all groups.

Crimes Against Children 13.2 Crimes Against Children 896,000 children were the victims neglect or abuse Photo placeholder Lecture Notes: This photo shows a child’s feet that were forced against a heater by a parent.

Crimes Against Children 13.2 Crimes Against Children 40% of child victims were maltreated solely by their mothers 19% of child victims were maltreated solely by their fathers Photo placeholder Lecture Notes: This photo shows a child’s feet that were forced against a heater by a parent.

Crimes Against Children 13.2 Crimes Against Children In 2002, 1400 children died due to abuse or neglect Add picture of child Coffin Photo placeholder Lecture Notes: This photo shows a child’s feet that were forced against a heater by a parent.

Crimes Against Children Investigations 13.2 Crimes Against Children Investigations Investigator or Patrol Collect Evidence Interview Victim Lecture Notes: These investigations are usually conducted by a specialized investigator in larger jurisdictions. Some jurisdictions involve social services early in the investigation as part of the protocol to avoid duplication of child interviews and to resolve any needs early. Interview Witness(es)

Crimes Against Children Investigations 13.2 Crimes Against Children Investigations Follow-up Investigation Obtain medical records/opinions Coordinate with social services and prosecutor Lecture Notes: Medial records can be very telling – showing battered child syndrome and a thorough medical exam may reveal injuries in varies stages of healing . Talk to doctors regarding the nature of the injuries – get opinion regarding the injuries being accidental or intentional. Get expert opinion if necessary. Always interview the suspect last. Interview suspect(s)

Identify various techniques of child molestation investigations. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcome 13.3 Identify various techniques of child molestation investigations.

The Investigative Techniques 13.3 The Investigative Techniques Using anatomically correct dolls Recording interviews Picture drawing interviews – creates a great court exhibit! Finding other victims to cooberate victim

Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcome 13.4 Discuss the role of the medical profession in cases involving sexual misconduct with children.

the Role of the Medical Profession 13.4 the Role of the Medical Profession Obtain a detailed report for evidence Determine medically, if sexual activity has taken place (hymen in tact?) Gather DNA and other forensic evidence (such as semen or pubic hair) Search for any non-accidental injuries

Identify interview techniques for child victims of sexual misconduct. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcome 13.5 Identify interview techniques for child victims of sexual misconduct.

Interviewing Children 13.5 Interviewing Children Must be non-leading and non-suggestive Photo placeholder Lecture Notes: Children are highly suggestive It’s a good idea to video record the interview The interview may be your BEST evidence to prove physical or sexual abuse takes place so great care should be taken to do it properly and get it recorded.

Interviewing Children 13.5 Interviewing Children Forensic Interviews Body language must remain neutral Alternative explanation for a child’s statements explored Lecture Notes: The forensic interview has carefully controlled so that they are legally defensible. It’s always best to record the interview. Always ask open-ended questions if possible. Having the child draw pictures is a good technique and creates court exhibits created by the child of what happened. Document the interview for court scrutiny

Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcome 13.6 Understand problems associated with placing children on the witness stand in criminal trials.

13.6 Children as Witnesses Statements can be challenged in court Photo placeholder One of the most compelling reasons children are such formidable victims is the fact that they may be considered incompetent witnesses in the courtroom. Indeed, many such cases rely heavily on testimony from child victims.

10.7 Factors Children as Witnesses Age, intelligence, and sense of moral and legal responsibility. Possesses the capacity to observe the events, recollect and communicate them These are the factors judges take into consideration to allow a child to testify. Understands questions and can answer intelligently with an understanding of the duty to speak the truth

CHAPTER REVIEW 13.1 Describe the roles and distinctions between the pedophile and the child molester. 13.2 Understand the problem of child abuse and the investigator’s response to the problem. 13.3 Identify various techniques of child molestation investigations. 13.4 Discuss the role of the medical profession in cases involving sexual misconduct with children. 13.5 Identify interview techniques for child victims of sexual misconduct. 13.6 Understand problems associated with placing children on the witness stand in criminal trials. CLASS ACTIVITY: Divide the class into groups of 2 or 3 and assign one of these objectives to each group of students and present to the entire class.