PPT Init: 1/24/2011 by Daniel R. Barnes CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O WARNING: As with all my power points, this one contains graphical images and/or other content taken from the world wide web without the permission of the owners of that intellectual property. Please do not copy or distribute this presentation. Its very existence may be illegal.

SWBAT predict how many grams of carbon dioxide should be produced from a given number of grams of baking soda.... use the idea of “limiting reactant” to explain the amounts of carbon dioxide produced by various amounts of baking soda reacting with a fixed amount of vinegar.

CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O acetic acidsodium hydrogen carbonate sodium acetate carbon dioxide water

OO O H H O CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O C C HH O H C OO H C C HH O H Na C O O H

OO H CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O C C HH O H C OO H Na Let’s animate this cartoon!

“tare mass” = mass of empty container “net mass” = mass of what’s in the container “gross mass” = mass of container + contents gross = net + tare net = gross - tare gross = contents + container VOCABULARY FRONT-LOAD

Stabby Flakes Empty box = 0.25 pounds Cereal = 3 pounds Stabby Flakes Box full of cereal = 3.25 pounds NET WT 3 LB

Stabby Flakes Empty box = 0.25 pounds Stabby Flakes Box full of cereal = 3.25 pounds NET WT 3 LB TARE + NET = GROSS ? Cereal = 3 pounds

HONORS “INQUIRY” MISSION: 1. Experimentally determine how many grams of carbon dioxide can be produced by reacting baking soda with 100 grams of vinegar. 2. From this, use stoichiometry to determine how many grams of acetic acid is in 100 grams of vinegar. Your period will get a bonus to everyone’s grade if you can share your data in such a way that you can produce a graph that shows grams of carbon dioxide produced for a variety of different amounts of baking soda. Each student will be expected to write his/her own freehand lab report organized into the following sections: purpose, materials, procedure, data (including graphs), and conclusions (including math).

HONORS RULES: 50 mL beaker is ONLY for baking soda 100 mL beaker is ONLY for baking soda 250 mL beaker is ONLY for vinegar 600 mL beaker has no special rules – but DO clean day. PROCEDURE is what you do with the physical objects, materials, and measuring devices. It may include a small amount of math, but the CONCLUSIONS section of the report is where the big math is. Your group must have figured out its procedure by halfway through the period on Monday. I suggest conferring over the weekend via social media/ /phone calls/whatever.

HONORS REPORT: PURPOSE: your mission statement (? g CO2 producible w/100 g vinegar) MATERIALS: chemicals, equipment PROCEDURE: what you did with the chemicals & equipment + gross/net/tare math needed to do procedure DATA: the information you gathered during the procedure CONCLUSIONS: calculations based on data gathered (stoich for theo yield), graphs, discussion of various things such as difficulties in execution/technique errors/what you’d do differently next time, interpretation of graph (esp re: limiting & theoretical yields of CO2),...

g When you have the 600 mL beaker and the 50 mL beaker on the scale and they’re both empty, you’ve got a certain amount of glass on the scale Mass of emtpy container(s) = “tare” mass NOTE: The scale pictured here is a digital scale, but, as of this writing, the lab worksheet says you’re supposed to use a triple beam balance. Sorry. TBB’s are too hard to draw. Bear with me.

g If you pour exactly 100 g of vinegar in the 600 mL beaker, your new total mass should be exactly 100 g higher than the “tare” mass If you pour exactly 100 g of vinegar in the 600 mL beaker, “net” mass

g If you were to put exactly five grams of baking soda in the 50 mL beaker, that should bring the new gross mass up to g “net” mass

g If you dump the baking soda into the vinegar

g If you dump the baking soda into the vinegar The chemicals react to form bubbles of carbon dioxide

g When the bubbles rose and popped, carbon dioxide escaped from the 600 mL beaker and into the air. Therefore, the gross mass went down, in this case by 2.6 grams. CO 2

g We assume that however much the mass went down is the amount of CO2 produced g = gross mass before the reaction g = gross mass after the reaction- 2.6 g = amount of CO 2 produced

g The law of conservation of matter says that g = gross mass before the reaction g = gross mass after the reaction- 2.6 g = amount of CO 2 produced... matter can’t be destroyed during a chemical reaction. The drop in mass doesn’t represent matter that was destroyed. It represents matter that went into the air.

“that portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relationships in chemical reactions; the calculation of quantities of substances invovled in chemical reactions.” ~Prentice Hall Chemistry, glossary, pg R117 That’s what your textbook says, but in this class, “stoichiometry” pretty much means... “the process of calculating how many grams of one chemical are consumed/produced during a reaction when the number of grams of any other reactant/product is given.” That’s what you’re going to have to be able to do on the CST, so that’s what you’re going to have to be able to do on my tests, too. Anything else is extra credit.

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O 17g g 17g NaHCO 3 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = g/mol 84 1 x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = g/mol x )

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O 17g g 17g NaHCO 3 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = g/mol 84 1 x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = g/mol The mass of the known substance goes on the top of the first fraction. 17 x )

17g 17g NaHCO 3 Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O g 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = g/mol 84 1 x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = g/mol The molar mass of the known substance goes on the bottom of the second fraction. 17 x )

g/mol 84 17g 17g NaHCO 3 Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O g 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = g/mol The coefficients go in the third fraction, known as the “mole ratio” fraction. 17 x )

g/mol 84 17g 17g NaHCO 3 Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O g 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = g/mol Yeah. I know. There are no coeffcients in this equation. That’s why I put 1’s in the fraction. 17 x )

1 1 CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O g/mol 84 17g 17g NaHCO 3 Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: g 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO 2 x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = g/mol The molar mass of the unknown substance goes on the top of the last fraction. 17 x )

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: 17g NaHCO 3 44 g/mol CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O g/mol 84 17g g 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO 2 x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32 1 Okay. Now you do the same calculation, but for the 2 masses of baking soda your group used. 17 x )

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: 17g NaHCO 3 44 g/mol CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O g/mol 84 17g g 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO 2 x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32 1 I need to see the four-fraction chain for each calculation x )

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below: 17g NaHCO 3 44 g/mol CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O g/mol 84 17g g 1 x g NaHCO 3 mol NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 : Na: H: C: O: x 23 x 1 x 12 x 16 = 23 = 1 = 12 = x mol NaHCO 3 mol CO 2 x g CO 2 CO 2 : C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = and, somewhere on your paper, I need to see the molar mass calculations for NaHCO 3 & CO x )

mass of H 2 produced mass of Zn provided Black line = ? Grey line = ? Limiting reactant = ? Excess reactant = ?