From the Margins to the Centre: Women Influencing Peace Processes International Gender Justice Dialogue Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, April 2010

Ten years after 1325… Women still represent a strikingly low number of participants at peace talks. A review of 24 major peace processes since 1992 showed that women represent less than 10% of negotiators The numbers may have actually gone down since passage of 1325 No woman has been appointed chief mediator in UN-sponsored peace talks

TWGGI %Averages:3.2%4.6%7.9% SignatoriesMediatorsWitnessesNegotiation 1. El Salvador (1992) 12%0%--13% 2. Croatia (1995) 0% 11% 3. Bosnia (1995) 0% 4. Guatemala (1996) 11%0%--10% 5. Northern Ireland (1998) 10%0%--10% 6. Indonesia (1999) 0% Sierra Leone (1999) 0% 25%0% 8. Burundi (2000) 0% --2% 9. Papua New Guinea (2001) 7%0%--4% 10. Macedonia (2001) 0% 5% 11. Afghanistan (2001) 9%0%--9% 12. Somalia (2002) 0% Cote d’Ivoire (2003) 0% DRC (2003) 5%0% 12% 15. Liberia (2003) 0% 17% Sudan (2005) 0% 9% Darfur (2006) 0% 7%8% 18. Nepal (2006) 0%--0% 19. The Philippines (2007) 0% DRC (2008) – North Kivu 5%20%0% DRC (2008) – South Kivu 0%20%0% Uganda (2008) 0% 20%9% 23. Kenya (2008) 0%33%0%25% 24. Central African Rep. (2008) 0% --

Different modalities of engagement: Formation of a separate party or clan (Northern Ireland, Somalia) Women’s group with Observer status (Uganda, Burundi, Liberia, Darfur) Formation of a parallel process or forum (Burundi, Afghanistan) Access to parties via sympathetic mediator (Congo, Guatemala) Gender advisors to the mediator (Darfur), facilitator (Uganda), or women delegates (Darfur) As part of a sub-committee/working group/table on gender that feeds into the discussions at the official talks (Guatemala, Sri Lanka). Through community mobilization and nation-wide consultations (Uganda, South Africa).

On security On economic security and empowerment On participation On accountability On reconstruction Women’s demands

In Five Years… UN standardized protocol for representation of women’s civil society in UN-sponsored peace talks. Mechanisms to increase participation (quotas as condition for support, incentives) Women’s participation and technical work on the gender implications of every component of peace deals. Pre-deployment gender-awareness training of mediators. Women’s human rights defenders in in donor countries to demand increased funding to implement 1325

Thank you