CELL STRUCTURE and FUNCTION

Cell Organelles Little organs Parts that make up the cell Analogy– Like the organs that make up the human body – (heart, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, blood, etc)

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA 2. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus Function: Makes ribosomes

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

2 Types Of ER Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than (ribosomes) Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

8. Cell membrane Function- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell - also provides support and protection Location- outside covering of the cell “semi permeable”- only certain things can move in or out of the membrane

9. Cytoskeleton Function- acts as the muscles and bones of the cells - support and shape 2 types 1. microfilaments – aid in movement 2. microtubules- aid in structure

10. Centrioles Only found in animal cells Function- pulls chromosomes apart during cell division—mitosis Location- near nucleus (2 of them)

mitosis

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 11. Vacuoles Function: stores water and nutrients for cells Plants have larger vacuoles

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT CELLS!!

Organelles found only in plants 12. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Photosynthesis take place here Green in color because of chlorophyll

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 13 Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Chloroplasts

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells