Millennium Development Goals: Country Report 2010 (MDGR 2010) Presentation To Social Development and Transformation Cluster 29 June

Outline 1.Background 2.Introduction and Challenges 3.MDG Results for the Social Sector (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 4.Conclusion 2

Background Millennium Declaration In September 2000, the world’s leaders signed the Millennium Declaration at the Millennium Summit The Millennium Declaration promotes basic human rights such as the right to education, health, water, security, and shelter 3

Background The MDG process has its roots in the United nations Millennium Summit held in 2000, where world leaders agreed on working to achieve eight critical economic and social development priorities by The compilation of the MDG country Report 2009/2010 was led by Statistics South Africa Consultations with government Departments and civil society started in November Statistics South Africa created Sector Working Groups (SWG), each focusing on one goal or more depending on the mandate of specific government Departments. Sector Working Groups met regularly to assess data collected from and submitted by various institutions. 4

Background cont... Social Sector Departments participated in and led a number of Sector Working Groups according to their mandate. Further consultations, led jointly by StatsSA, the Department of Social Development and civil society continued throughout the country in September 2010 and the outcome of the process was South Africa’s MDG country report which was presented to the UN General Assembly in September 2010 The country report is a combination of both UN (50) and domesticated (45) targets and indicators This presentation focus on goals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 for which the social sector cluster is directly responsible. Although the presentation contained herein is derived from the MDG Country Report and the presentation made to Cabinet and civil society formations, additional source documents have been used for information contained in Goals 1 and 2 5

Characteristics of MDGs: Time-bound goals Quantifiable targets Internationally agreed upon indicators Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), act as guidelines and indicators for measuring levels of developmentMillennium Development Goals (MDGs), act as guidelines and indicators for measuring levels of development Reference period for MDGs Reference period for MDGs For South Africa, start of reference period is 1994For South Africa, start of reference period is 1994 Background cont… 6

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Background cont… Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equity and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development 7

Introduction and Challenges Although the Social Sector Departments cover a wide spectrum of issues, some of their work cannot be measured by the indicators -both domestic and international- developed for the MDGs: This includes critical work done by for example, the Department of Social Development on Early Childhood Development. As such, the report may at times not present a comprehensive coverage of the social sector’s contribution to the achievement of MDGs All information submitted to StatsSA for the compilation of the report had to be subjected to stringent quality assurance processes, and as a result, some of the information submitted by various sources was not included in the report. As noted in the country report, the lack of data led to non-reporting on: 10 MDG indicators 1 Domesticated indicator With respect to the country report, a number of challenges conspired to prevent South Africa from meeting some of the goals, and these include among others, the following: High levels of income disparity Structural unemployment The impact of HIV and AIDS The recent global economic recession

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty 9 Proportion of population living below the poverty line has declined Gini coefficient (measure of inequality) remains high Employment to population ratio remained static Access to free basic services by indigents on the increase

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger The Social assistance programme, led by the Department of Social Development has made a significant contribution to the attainment of Goal 1 Studies on South Africa’s social assistance programme suggest that social grants reinforce developmental impacts within households in terms of nutrition, education, health, vital services and employment: Absolute Poverty: The proportion of people living in absolute poverty-as measured by the threshold of $1 to $2.50- a day has declined South Africa has effectively more than halved the population living below the poverty line of $1 a day from 11.3% in 2000 to 5% in This suggests that South Africa has met MDG Goal 1. The poverty gap ration declined from 3.3 in 2000 to 1.1 in 2006 at the $1 Per person per day threshold 10

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Studies carried out by among others Statistics South Africa, including the Presidency’s Fifteen Year Review, suggest that the Social Assistance Programme is the single most important driver of the decline in poverty has had a significant impact on reducing poverty, redistributing income and reducing inequality. From a modest 2, 5 million recipients in 1994 to over 14 million in 2010, the rapid expansion or the social assistance programme accounts for the growth in expenditure levels of the poor. The most notable expansion has been that of the child support grant, which rose from beneficiaries in 1999 to over 10.3 million by March 2011 Recent research suggests that the CSG contributes to improving the nutrition levels of children between the ages of 0-2 years Social grants, along with wages earned through employment, contributed to growth in per capita income between 1995 and

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Income distribution: although levels of inequality remain high in South Africa, social grants have made a significant contribution to the reducing the levels of the Gini estimate for the country. Food Poverty line: the percentage of the population living below the food poverty line of R148 in 2000 and R209 equivalent in 2006 declined from 28.5 to 24.8 respectively The proportion of males living below the food poverty line declined from 26.7% to 22.9% while the number of females living below the line declined from 30.2 % to 26.4% between 2000 and Similarly, the distribution of food parcels to needy households through the social relief of distress plays an important role in relieving incidents of poverty. The Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) has played a significant role as a short to medium term measure to creating employment, building skills and eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. The social sector made a significant contribution to reaching the EPWP target of 1 million job opportunities by These initiatives are also providing strong platform for further sustainable long-term solutions to poverty related issues. 12

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Free Basic services for the indigent: More poor households are benefitting from the provision of free basic services from municipalities According to 2008 estimates, 8,1 million consumer units were receiving electricity from municipalities and other service providers in South Africa, and 2,8 million (34,8 percent) of these were receiving free basic electricity. The number of consumer units receiving basic electricity rose by 6 percent between 2007 and 2008 ( more consumer units had access to basic electricity) of the units were in Limpopo, were in Gauteng, while in Northern Cape, Free state had 13, 272 units The total number of consumer units that received free basic water services increased by 16,3 percent ( from 9,9 million to 11, 5 million) during the 2007/2008 financial year According to 2008 estimates 60 percent (7, 0 million) of 11, 5 million households received water for free. 13

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty Poverty linePercent below poverty line Poverty Gap Food Poverty lineR R $1.00 (ppp) $1.25 (ppp) $2.00 (ppp) $2.50 (ppp) Percent living below poverty lines and poverty gap: 2000 and 2006

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Education Adjusted Net Enrolment for females has increased from 97.0% in 2002 to 98.8% in 2009 Functional Literacy rate of 15 to 24 year olds increased from 88% in 2002 to 91% in 2009 Completion rate of primary education by those aged 18 has risen from 89.6% in 2002 to 93.8% in 2009 It appears that South African government initiatives of no fees, free transport and feeding schemes in selected schools have benefited poor learners 15

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Early Childhood Development (ECD): Although indicators for Goal 2 do not include children in the 0-4 age cohort, ECD is widely believed to provide a firm foundation for life-long learning, which is a key element of a dynamic, literate, and knowledge based society. By March 2011, there were registered ECD centres with children benefitting from ECD services. Some of these children are directly subsidised by the State. Impact of the CSG: according to Statistics South Africa’s General Household Survey report released in July 2009, the most notable impact of the expansion of the CSG is that children benefitting from the grant are likely to go to school. In 2007, the percentage of low income households which receive any kind of grant and were sending their children aged 5-19 years to school increased from 73% in 2003 to 81% in 2007 (linked to Goal 3) Similarly, the attendance ratio for individuals aged 5-19 is higher in households who receive grants than those who did not receive them. 16

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Under the Social Relief of Distress the Department has a special dispensation permitting children from poor families to purchase school uniforms Other initiatives such as the National School nutrition programme and the provision of school transport add substance to the realisation of children’s rights 17

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Enrolment ratios (adjusted) for 7-13 age group by sex: 2002 –

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women South Africa has made significant progress in meeting the goal of promoting gender equality and will most likely meet all the key targets for this goal. There are more girls than boys in both secondary and tertiary institutions Women share on non-agricultural wage employment remains below half Proportion of seats held by women in the national assembly increased from 25% in 1994 to 44 % in Women constitute 67 percent of recipients of the Old Age and Disability Grants, which is 2.4 million women The Old Age Grant also serves as surety with which people are able to leverage further financial and social resources. Women, as care givers, make up 98 % of the recipients of the Child Support Grant 19

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Year Female gross enrolment ration (GER) Male GER Gender Parity Index (GPI) 19960,090,110, ,110,101, ,120,111, ,130,111,26 Gross enrolment ratios & gender parity index at tertiary level, selected years

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality 21 Infant mortality rate remained stable at 53 (2007) deaths per 1000 live births Under-five mortality rate has risen from 59 (1998) to 104 (2007)per 1000 live births Proportion of 1-year old children immunised against measles has risen from 68.5 (2001) to 98.3 (2009) Life expectancy at birth has dropped

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Under-Five Mortality Rate, South Africa 1998, and the 2015 MDG 22

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Mortality Maternal Mortality rate is high and is increasing Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel increased from 76.6% ( ) in 2001 to 94.3% ( ) in 2009 Use of modern contraceptive methods by sexually active women has increased from 61.2% (1998) to 64% (2003) Antenatal care coverage has increased from 76.6 (2001) to above 100% 23

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Mortality Maternal Mortality Rate in South Africa since 1998, and 2015 MDG 24

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases The spread of HIV prevalence in South Africa may have stabilised Marked increase in all provinces from 2005 (13.9%) to 2009 (41.6%) in the proportion of people with HIV who had access to ART In % of men had been tested and in 2009 the figure had risen to 31.8%. Amongst women the figure rose from 38% in 2006 to 71.2% in 2009 Death rates associated with TB have risen from 168 per population (in 2004) to 181 (in 2007) per population Evidence suggests that the spread of HIV prevalence in South Africa may have stabilised and has declined among the age cohort since If this trend continues, the target with respect to the reduction of HIV infections in year age cohort is likely to be met by

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases HIV Prevalence Among Population Aged Years, South Africa, 2002, 2005 and

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Number of species threatened with extinction has increased from 676 (1990) to 2458 (2010) Carbon dioxide emissions have increased from Gigagrams in 1994 to Gigagrams in 2007 Proportion of population living in slums have remained static The target for the proportion of population using water from an improved drinking source has been achieved 27

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability YEAR Water Supply from a safe source (%) Sanitation at RDP std or higher (%) Living in informal dwelling (%) Solid fuels for cooking (%) Solid fuels for heating (%) Connection to the mains electricit y (%) ,472,213,415,719,882, ,069,714,116,421,881, ,770,115,014,419,081, ,268,214,719,719,480, ,766,715,715,819,680, ,866,011,918,623,380, ,864,012,819,523,678, ,761,913,020,024,476,8 Access to Services by Households

MDG Reporting: Problems MDG process has highlighted the following deficiencies in our distributed statistical system –Administrative records systems for producing statistics are still weak To Illustrate: –Death Registration (coverage and completeness) –Environmental indicators dependent on international agencies’ data –MMR: Maternal Mortality registration systems plagued by Plethora of competing sources Sources use competing definitions Producing contradictory estimates –Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) and Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) EMIS data still has quality concerns Age specific population estimates still called into question Assign blame where the numerator & denominator come from differing sources 29

MDG Reporting: Opportunities MDGR 2010 affords South Africa an opportunity: –To institutionalise MDG reporting as part of the country’s National Statistics System, and –Place MDGs firmly on the country’s development agenda. –Adage: ”What gets measured, gets done” (….gets done right) Are we measuring what matters? Many things are not being done! –Since MDGR 2010 is data intensive, use the process to strengthen (re-engineer) the information systems that underpin the statistical information This can be done by institutionalising the National Coordinating Committee (NCC) and Sector Working Groups (SWG’s). What is required?: –Commitment to measuring and reporting on the MDGs –Commitment to build the requisite information infrastructure that allows for reporting on MDGs –Build sufficient critical mass (human resources) to achieve the objectives of the Millennium Declaration 30

What is Required? Address 3 issues; namely, 1.incorporation of MDGs in policy programmes, 2.data gaps, and 3.data discrepancies. How do we address data gaps and discrepancies? Audit departmental information systems for relevance –What is collected? –For what purpose? –How does it contribute towards informed decision-making? Implement systems (in the responsible line ministries) to ensure that they produce to a defined set of information requirements (i.e. CPI – monetary policy, GDP – economic growth, GHS – among others, access to services) Rationalise competing production systems that add to the confusion –Reallocate resources 31

Thank You 32