Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

International Terrorism Chapter 8 Terrorist Spillovers International Terrorism

Defining International Terrorism The Spillover Effect The struggle “spills over” into the international domain. Domestic attacks against victims with an international profile. Operations in a foreign country. Unambiguous International Implications International consequences must be clear. Case: Attacks on embassies. Case: Airline hijackings.

Defining International Terrorism (continued) Terrorist Environments and International Terrorism International state terrorism. International dissident terrorism. International religious terrorism. International left-wing terrorism. International right-wing terrorism. International criminal terrorism.

International Terrorist Environments

Reasons for International Terrorism Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary Solidarity Cold War motivations for international resistance. Imperialism. Neocolonialism. Zionism.

Reasons for International Terrorism (continued) Perceived Efficiency Potential for maximum publicity. Potential for inflicting maximum psychological anxiety. Pragmatism. Adaptations of Revolutionary Theory Fish swimming in the sea of the people. Enraging the beast. Liberating violence.

Reasons for International Terrorism (continued) Historical Reasons West was often a target during wars of national liberation. Anticolonial rebels became national leaders. Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice. Fusion of ideology and warfare.

International Terrorist Networks Cold War Terrorist-Networking Theory Western theory that Soviet proxies were the source of international terrorism. Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario. International Terrorist Environments Monolithic. Strong multipolar. Weak multipolar. Cell-based.

International Terrorist Environments

International Dimension of the New Terrorism A “Stateless Revolution” by Religious Radicals The Afghan Arabs at War Mujahideen in Bosnia Al Qaeda and International Terrorism The Madrid Train Bombings The London Transportation System Attacks Terrorist Violence in Iraq

The “Stateless Revolutionaries”