KIDNEY CANCER By: Kendall Whitney

WHAT IS KIDNEY CANCER?  Cancer that forms in tissues of the kidneys. Kidney cancer includes cancer that forms in the lining of very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products, renal cell carcinoma, and cancer that forms in the center of the kidney where urine collects, renal pelvis carcinoma. It also includes Wilms tumor, which is a type of kidney cancer that usually develops in children under the age of 5.

INFO FROM FAMILY  My grandpa had kidney cancer when my mom was pregnant with me and when my aunt was pregnant with her first son.  Around  He got treatment right away and was cured of the cancer.

CAUSE OF CANCER  Although many risk factors can increase the chance of developing renal cell cancer (RCC), it is not yet clear how some of these risk factors cause kidney cells to become cancerous.

AGE GROUP AFFECTED  Most people with kidney cancer are older. The average age of people when they are diagnosed is 64. Kidney cancer is very uncommon in people younger than age 45.

IMPACT OF KIDNEY CANCER  Causes nausea, pain and fatigue  May need Supportive Care  New diet  Need Self-medication  Exercise more  Costs a lot of money for treatment

TREATMENT Five Types of Treatments  Surgery  Remove part or all of the kidney  Partial nephrectomy  Simple nephrectomy  Radical nephrectomy  Radiation Therapy  A cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing  Biologic Therapy  Treatment that uses the patient’s immune system to fight cancer  Targeted Therapy  Uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells  Chemotherapy  Cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing

TESTS  Physical Exam  Complete Blood Count (CBC)  Urine tests  tested to see if it contains blood  Blood tests  to count the number of each of the different kinds of blood cells  Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)  special dye containing iodine is given through a needle inserted into a vein, and a series of X-rays are taken,  Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) scan  special X-ray that uses a computer to create a series of image, or slices, of the inside of the body  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)  produces images of the inside of the body using a large magnet, radio waves and a computer  Ultrasound  uses high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted through body tissues to create images that are displayed on a monitor  Arteriogram  X-rays of the blood vessels taken after a contrast solution is injected to make the blood vessels more visible  Fine needle aspiration  a thin needle is inserted into the tumor and a small sample is removed  Liver Function Tests

MEDICINES USED IN TREATMENT  Afinitor (Everolimus)  Aldesleukin  Avastin (Bevacizumab)  Axitinib  Bevacizumab  Everolimus  Inlyta (Axitinib)  Nexavar (Sorafenib Tosylate)  Pazopanib Hydrochloride  Proleukin (Aldesleukin)  Sorafenib Tosylate  Sunitinib Malate  Sutent (Sunitinib Malate)  Temsirolimus  Torisel (Temsirolimus)  Votrient (Pazopanib Hydrochloride

STAFF INVOLVED  Medical Oncologist  oversee your general care and coordinate treatments with other specialists. Will be in charge of chemotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy.  Radiation Oncologist  cancer specialist that treats cancer with radiation therapy  Surgical Oncologist  surgeon who has special training in treating cancer.  Nephrologist  doctor that specializes in kidneys  Pathologists  Urologists  Oncology nurses and nurse practitioners  Oncology psychiatrists and social workers  Nutritionist  Palliative care provider

OVERALL CARE/GENERAL CARE FOR PATIENT  Cryoablation  Radiofrequency Ablation  Arterial Embolization  Possible New Treatment Solutions  “Magnetic”” Chemotherapy  Gene Therapy