JPO Regional Workshop Sarajevo 25 – 29 October 2004 THE UN PROGRAMME FOR REFUGEES & IDPs IN CENTRAL AMERICA

DEVELOPEMENT PROGRAMME FOR DISPLACED PERSONS REFUGEES AND RETURNEES PRODERE The PRODERE’s experience in Central America and its legacy HUMAN DEVLOPEMENT IN ACTION

ORIGINS OF THE PROJECT The Peace Plan known as Esquipulas II (1987) Special Plan of Economic Cooperation for Central America -PEC- (1988) International Conference on Central American Refugees - CIREFCA- (1989) Governments begun a political negotiations with their respective opposition groups. They requested international cooperation in overcoming their difficult economic situation. The United Nations General Assembly expressed its support. The Government of Italy confirmed its support to PRODERE by pledging $115 million grant.

REFUGEES IN CENTRAL AMERICA

PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION Areas of intervention 13 Extension of these areas 45,100 Population in these areas 2,520,000 Number of Municipalities 13 Direct beneficiaries 574,000 Indirect beneficiaries 984,500

PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION: THE CASE OF GUATEMALA Extension of these areas 8,615 ( KM2) Population in these areas 202,507 Number of Municipalities Direct beneficiaries 82,425 Indirect beneficiaries 124,266 Micro-regions 18

INITIAL SITUATION Armed conflicts in El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua existed during the 1980’s. As a result two million people were forced to abandon their homes. Central America was characterized by widespread poverty, social fragility, a limited presence of the State and a high level of Social Exclusion. These factors led to the conflict. Social Exclusion Social exclusion is defined as the set of processes, which tend to disqualify and marginalize individuals and communities due to political, social, economic, ethnic or cultural reasons or because of geographic isolation.

SOCIAL EXCLUSION THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

LINGUISTIC GROUPS THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

THE CASE OF GUATEMALA ZONAPAZ

RETURNEES AND REPATRIATES THE CASE OF GUATEMALA Total returned and repatriated population 43,594 Returned population 22,905 Repatriated population in its place of origin Farms bought by the Government of Guatemala 28 Gvt. of Guatemala’s total investment 200,000,000

RETURNEES THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

FARMS BAUGHT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA

PRODERE’S MAIN OBJECTIVE contributes to the peace process in Central America in providing assistance to populations affected by military conflict, thereby enabling them to successfully resettle in their communities, which receive development support as well.

PRODERE’S SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Participating in the pacification and the peace building process through national reconciliation Promoting, the respect of human and international rights as well as democratic practices. Impelling a process of integral development Strengthening the civil society and its organization. Consolidate governmental institutions at the local level Generating local capacities in the field of planning and development management for governmental and non governmental organization. Bringing technical cooperation for fund raising

PRODERE’s STRATEGY

SUSTENAIBLE HUMAN DEVLOPMENT AS A STRATEGY PRODERE’s interventions have been conceived within the framework of the Sustainable Human Development Strategy Human Development Human development is the process of expending people’s choices in the areas of health and knowledge, as well as increasing access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living. If these basic capacities are not achieved, many choices are simply not available and many opportunities remain inaccessible.

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL : FUNCTIONAL APPROACH PRODERE has applied the concept of sustainable Human Development at the local level by integrating activities in five main sectors, where the assistance provides the conditions for the empowerment of local entities. Sector of Activities Entities in charge of the sector at the local level Human Rights Local Economic Development Health Education Regional Planning Infrastructure and environment Local Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights Local Economic Development Agency Local Health System Local Education System Local Planning Unit

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: TERRITORIAL APPROACH School Health Center Community Town Market

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH, DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION was an unique illustration of inter-agency coordination within United Nations Systems Other Agencies: UNICEF UNESCO Habitat High Commissioner for Human Rights

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION The National Counterparts Vice Presidency Ministry of development National Commission for Repatriates, Refugees and Displaced Persons General Secretary for Planning National Fund for Peace Others Ministries: Health Education Infrastructure

HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHTS Local mechanism for the protection of human rights OBJECTIVE To promote a change of attitude among the various social groups with the goal of strengthening peaceful methods of dispute settlement, thus helping the process of reconciliation and creating more solid grounds for a transition from a culture of violence to a culture of rights. To convert human development into a means for the achievement of human rights PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES Strengthening Legal Institutions: administration of justice at the local level. Research and information: study and training courses. Legal Assistance: personal documentation and legalization of property. Adaptation of laws. Support for vulnerable groups. Assessment to the peace process..

HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF GUATEMALA SOME KEY ACTIVITIES

HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE CENTRAL AMERICA Beneficiaries of legal counseling 166,700 Local development committees organized 1,150

HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA Beneficiaries of legal counseling 27,938 Local development committees organized249 Birth certificates and ID card 18,656 Legalization Status for refugees 20 Legalization of land 7,259 Municipal administration training 15 Strengthening of local municipal government 4 Committees organized and trained 774 Beneficiaries of human rights training 7,153 Studies and publications: 5X 20,000

HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Local Economic Development Agencies LEDA OBJECTIVE This agencies further the productive transformation of the area in which they function by expanding markets for goods and services, promoting local employment opportunities and improving income. Principal activities Preparing diagnostic studies Designing and executing projects Promoting new technologies Supporting the creation or growth of enterprises Coordinating public and private initiatives Promoting local employment Carrying out actions that would contribute to equitable economic growth

Local Economic Development Agencies created/supported 8 Beneficiaries of production projects 69,450 Approved loans for production(number) 15,330,000 Number of credit beneficiaries 33,000 Participants in training courses 30,300 Non agricultural micro-entreprises financed 4,470 Proportion of women benefited from production training 42% LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE CENTRAL AMERICA

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA Local Economic Development Agencies created/supported2 Direct beneficiaries of production projects 7,366 Approved loans for production (number) 1,413,109 Number of credit beneficiaries 5,256 Participants in training courses 13,990 Agricultural warehouse centers built5 Governmental organizations strengthened 29 Non Governmental organizations strengthened 55 Micro enterprises created 84 Small scale irrigation systems built6 Beekeeping centers created 56 Cooperatives financially strengthened 12 Rural Partners’ Enterprises created and supported 17

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (1) Desarrollo Económico Mapa 1

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2) Desarrollo Económico Mapa 2

HEALTH

HEALTH Local Health Systems: LHS OBJECTIVE LHS main objective is to expand the coverage, quality and efficiency of health services. The LHS approach consist of considering health in terms of mental and social well being. LHS is composed of representatives of the community as well as representatives of municipal councils, the Ministry of Health, and local non governmental organizations active in healthcare. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES Support to the training and education of technical and community personal on health issues Construction and equipment of health infrastructure where health personnel of the State and other entities can operate Support for priority health programmes: maternal and childcare, environmental sanitation, transmittable diseases, etc.

HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE CENTRAL AMERICA Local Health Systems created/supported 25 Health centers built/renovated 110 Health centers equipped/ assisted 170 Trained health professionals 2,900 Trained community health workers 8,400

HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA Local Health Systems created and supported 2 Health centers renovated and equipped 39 Health centers built and equipped 25 Other health building renovated/built and equipped 59 Oral re-hydration unit established 46 Trained health personnel 1147 Latrines built 6612 Drinking water committees created and supported 121 Drinking water well dug 99 Aqueducts built 10 Water tank built 4

HEALTH THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL(1)

HEALTH THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2)

HEALTH THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

EDUCATION

EDUCATION Local Education Systems: LES OBJECTIVE To adopt a structure, which links and integrates all educational services within a clearly defined geographic area. Within this area, the State and the community work together at multiple level in the development of education in its various expressions. The LES reflects the trend towards the decentralization and deconcentration of the State system. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES Integration of the various levels of education: pre-school, primary, secondary, technical and university. Support towards the training and education of professional and community workers on education issues. Construction and equipment of education infrastructure. Support for high priority educational programmes.

EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE CENTRAL AMERICA Local Education System created/supported 10 Schools built/renovated 370 Schools equipped 170 Trained education professionals 7,190 Beneficiaries of literacy programmes 53,400

EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA Local Education System created/supported 2 Total beneficiaries 43,964 Schools built/renovated 63 Schools equipped and provided with technical assistance 207 Trained education professionals 653 Beneficiaries of literacy programmes 20,294 Trained Educational promoters 588 Cultural Centers built and equipped 3 Educational material created 5x5000 (bilingual education materials)

EDUCATION THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT Local Planning Units :LPU OBJECTIVE To develop planning management and national capacities at the local level in order to foster the sustainability of policies, programmes and projects. To contribute to the process of decentralization by providing technical support to local institutions. To transform planning into an instrument for sustainable human development, through the formulation of policies and projects that emphasize protection of the environment and achievement of the better quality of life, deepening the democratic processes and strengthening the participation of the civil society. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES LPU´s activities are oriented to foster and strengthen an inter institutional coordination for planning and promoting programmes and projects in areas of: –Services –Infrastructures –Economic activities –Environment and land usage

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE CENTRAL AMERICA Rural Roads built/renovated (km) 1,540 Sewage/drinking water/ latrines 269,500 (beneficiaries)

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA Rural Roads built/renovated (km) 467 Bridges 34 Beneficiaries of water and sanitation 52,285 Families benef. from emergency shelter 486 Families benef. of formal housing 70 Beneficiaries of communal infrastructures 23,950 Infrastructure committees created 12

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL Infrastructura Mapa 1

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL Infrastructura Mapa 2

REGIONAL PLANNING / ENVIRONMENT ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA LPU at departmental level, created and trained 1 LPU at Municipal level, created and trained 4 Development plan at the departmental level 1 Development plan at the municipal level 4 Tree Nurseries created 32 Hectares of Reforestation 220

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY 5 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE During its last period, in order to support the on-going peace process UNDP through PRODERE made available its assistance to the Government of Guatemala, the Guatemalan civil society, several Countries and institutions involved in Guatemala, and to the United Nations Peace Moderator. The result of this technical assistance, is included into the Peace Agreements signed in December 1996 and integrated into the public policies, programmes and projects in the areas of: Agricultural Development Health Education Social Investments.

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Local Economic Development included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Health included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Education included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY TECHNICAL ASISTANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROGRAMMES AND PROJECT DESIGN

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECT DESIGN FUNDS RAISED

PORTFOLIO OF PEACE PROGRAMMES