United States and World War II 1.Discuss the background leading to and the results of World War II. 2.What was America’s attitude toward foreign affairs following World War I? 3.How was FDR a “pragmatist”? 4. What were the events that got the United States involved in World War II? 5.How did the Cold War develop?

Legacy 1.America’s role as an economic and political superpower was expanded 2.America took on the role as the world’s leader to suppress Communism 3.Growth and development of the military- industrial complex 4.There was extraordinary expansion of the powers of the executive branch 5.Birth of the Atomic Age and the arms race

“Isolationism” Isolationism = avoiding “entangling alliance.” –Only in the political sense/ ‘neutrality’ –U.S. Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles & The League of Nation Henry Cabot Lodge “Nobody expects to isolate the United States or make it a hermit nation, which is sheer absurdity…but….meddling in all the differences which may arise among any portion or fragment of humankind….I urge the Senate to adhere to the policy of Washington and Hamilton…under which we have risen to our present greatness and prosperity.” –The failures of The Great War seemed to confirm

Isolationism The Senate Munitions Investigation Committee: –Senator Gerald P. Nye Exposed war profiteering and the connections between Wall Street, banks, and the military –Helped draw the U.S. into the war on the Allies side –Public accepted the “Merchants of Death” thesis developed by Nye. Seeking a peaceful world Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact 1928 The Depression

–Neutrality Acts –Arms embargo with all nations at war –US citizens could travel with belligerent nations at their own risk 1936 –No loans to belligerents –Gallup Poll: 94% of Americans wanted to stay out of wars 1937 –Cash and carry Nazi Germany could carry out with its aggressive foreign policy

Isolationism “Good Neighbor” Policy –“In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor –the neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and because he does so, respects the rights of others.” FDR Released Cuba from Platt Amendment 1934 U.S. Marines withdrew from Haiti where they were stationed since U.S. signed a treaty with Panama that enlarged Panama’s authority of the Canal Zone 1936 no occupation of L.A. countries

From Isolation to Intervention What accounted for the shift from isolation to ? Japan: Some concern of their take over of Manchuria beginning in 1931

1937 Japanese invasion of China Roosevelt urged “quarantine” of aggressors He did not define the conflict as a “war” –Able to get around the Neutrality Acts –Authorized the sale of $86 million to China

Germany 1939 –Sept. 1 st 1939 Germany invaded Poland England and France declared war two days later –Nazi-Soviet Pact

Roosevelt’s Response: –Time Magazine “Thousand-step road to war” –“This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask that every American remain neutral in thought as well” –Special session in Congress 1939 Oct. Called for relaxation of Neutrality Acts Cash and Carry

War Deepens 1940 Germany invades Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. Bombing of London begins Lend-Lease Bill 1941 –“Any country whose defense The President deems vital to the Defense of the United States” –Senator Taft opposed

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor –Over 2000 American Servicemen killed –19 ships sunk –Congress declared war –Germany and Italy then declared war on the U.S. –Audio mp3 Stream of AddressAudio mp3 Stream of Address –

Results of World War II What were the results of World War II? How did conflicts of ideologies, war time politics, and America’s new economic and military position led to the Cold War and the Atomic Age?

Ideology can be defined as a system of beliefs required to sustain some existing order. What is the ideology of the U.S.A. Germany, Soviet Union? To a degree the Cold War began in 1917 –U.S.S.R was not recognized by the U.S. till 1933

Wartime diplomacy and politics –Delay of Second Front against Germany –Red Army had many causalities –6 million military causalities –10 million civilian –25 million homeless All nations: 17 million military 18 million civilian

Yalta Conference Feb –Stalin pledged to hold free elections –Agreed to organize the U.N. –U.S.S.R. would enter war in the Pacific by August, 1945

Yalta Conference were later attacked for giving the U.S.S.R. eastern Europe Keeping the Manhattan Project a secret was seen as hostile –Soviets began atomic program in 1943 and developed their first by 1949 Birth of Atomic Age –Hiroshima: August –Nagasaki : August

The U.S. as a Super Power The war left the U.S. as the only power left standing both politically and economically –$140 billion in savings –25% in purchasing power between –1940, 43% owned their own homes %

World War II Revolutionary for American Foreign Policy –Permanent Mobilization Before War –United States had no permanent alliances, no troops permanently stationed on foreign soil, and small defense budget After the War –P.M. required higher defense budget and a military draft/and or mandatory registration –Fostered creation of a powerful military establishment linking »Armed services »Scientific community »Universities »Corporations