Communication Theory November 2011, Alex Righolt

Introduction This very short presentation introduces: Special words used in Communication theory. Parts of communication. Types of communication.

Definition of “Communication”. Communication is the activity of exchanging meaningful information and ideas. Communication is the key factor in the success of any organization.

Elements Communication requires a Source, a Channel, a Message, and a Receiver

Elements An information source, which produces a message. A channel, to which signals are adapted for transmission. A message, that contains the information or idea. A receiver, which reconstructs the message from the signal.

Elements Also used are: Sender instead of Source. Medium for Channel.

Timing and Place Sending and receiving may happen at the same time and place. They may also happen at different times and places. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender.

Types of communication Types of communication are: Oral Written Non-verbal

Types of communication Oral communication is spoken communication. Examples: discussion, speeches, presentations, interpersonal communication.

Types of communication Written communication is an exchange of information in the form of written text Examples: letters, .

Types of communication Nonverbal communication is an exchange of information in the form of non-word messages. The majority of our communication is non verbal, also known as body language. Examples: gesture, body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact, object communication such as clothing, hairstyles, and tone of voice.

Communication problems and solutions The sender is unclear The medium distorts the message The message is unclear The receiver doesn’t pay attention … and many others

Communication problems and solutions The sender should: Understand the information needs of the receiver. Understand the cultural background, gender and other individual characteristics of the receiver. Understand the Receiver’s Knowledge of the Subject. Use clear language, use understandable words.

Communication problems and solutions The medium should: Pass on the message without changing it. Be available when needed

Communication problems and solutions The message should: Contain everything needed so that the receiver understands what the sender meant Contain redundancy. When part of the message is distorted or missing, extra information keeps the message clear.

Communication problems and solutions The receiver should: Be available and alert. Confirm receiving the message, or parts of the message. Give feedback to improve quality of the communication.

Communication Theory The end