Families – Part II LEC 06 FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 06 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

Set II Lily family Mallow family Sunflower family Grass family _______ tiger lily (A) Canada lily Lily family Mallow family Sunflower family Grass family _______ Common mallow dicot hibiscus cup plant dicot chicory deer tongue _______ purpletop

Lily Family TAXONICALLY: ___________ perennials herbs and forbs well know species: day lily (A) tiger lily (A) Canada lily Gray’s lily wood lily But…water lilies are ____ from this family (Nymphaeaceae)

Lily Family flowering parts patterns ________ and ________ Often, the petals and sepals are the same color Often, the petals and sepals are the same shape 2 3 1 3 1 2

Lily Family flowering parts patterns Thus, with color and size often matching, it _________ they have 6 petals and no sepals… …but they don’t …it is still 3 petals, 3 sepals Canada lily

Lily Family “inside” flowering parts patterns __________— all same approx. height Pistil with _____ stigma Stigma top noticeably _______ 3 2 4 1 5 6 perennial pepperweed

Lily Family leaf pattern ________ veins

Lily Family “key” __ petals and __ sepals— and they _________! day lily(A) tiger lily (A) Canada lily Michigan lily white trout lily wild oats (sessile bellwort) Indian cucumber root Solomon’s seal

Michigan lily Turk’s-cap lily White trout lily note “__________” note “________” on leaf

Solomon’s seal Indian cucumber root Flowers and fruit “______ the stalk…not at terminal end note “2 whorls of leaves ”…3-4 at top, 6 or more bottom

Lily Family Could be confused with iris family (Iridaceae)…but irises only have __ stamens—not 6 Stamens not easily visible in irises…often __________

Mallow Family TAXONICALLY: ____________ annuals, biennials, perennial herbs and forbs well know species: common mallow swamp rose mallow hollyhock hibiscus cotton

Mallow Family flower patterns __ separate petals a ________________ 2 1 3 5 4

Mallow Family flower patterns 5 separate petals a column of stamens this is the ______ …that appears “fused” with stamens

Mallow Family sepals and bracts 3-5 partially “united” ______ sepals often surrounded by several ______

Mallow Family _____________ texture ________ any plant part and rub between fingers….result: ________ texture

Mallow Family – miscellaneous Only known species in this family that is poisonous: __________ Most of the rest are edible (and many have medicinal uses) ____ plants

Mallow Family “key” 5 separate petals, column of stamens globe mallow prickly mallow

Sunflower (Aster) Family TAXONICALLY: ____________ (previously Compositae) Predominately annual herbs and forbs well know species: aster! sunflowers! ironweed chicory goldenrods

Aster (Sunflower) Family flower head patterns ____________ flowers in ________ heads ___________ flower with ___________

TOP UNDER Composite Flower stalk / stem

Aster family Individual flower _________ 5 stamens fused 5 petals fused together at the base to ~ 50% upward ________ hair = sepals _____= seed (think sunflower seed)

blue-stemmed goldenrod purple coneflower blanket flower lance-leaved coreopsis

Aster (Sunflower) Family key ID: composite flowers in disk-like heads purple stemmed aster mature sunflower head

Aster (Sunflower) Family additional “tips” Presence of _______ layers of bracts Some have ___________ flowers (yarrow)

Aster (Sunflower) Family Miscellaneous _________ seed producers (think annuals!) Many have seeds with prickles, bristle, or soft hairs that aid in ____________…think cockleburs, agrimonies, stick-tights Mostly are ___ plants, some are ___ plants

Aster (Sunflower) Family ___ most number of species (___________ is #1) _____ species in temperate ecosystems (i.e. NA) cup plant chicory

Grass Family (again) TAXONICALLY: _________ annuals and perennials well know species: corn milo (sorghum) wheat barley “grasses”

Grass Family grass plants maintain 3 defining characteristics from other members of the plant kingdom: ________________ emerge between the bracts on leaf-less stems leaves on grass plants take on a __________ and stretch out long and slender. At the stem, these leaves cling tightly and form a type of ________. the _____________________in the center. The nodes, or joints, along the stem also appear swollen. 1 2 3

Poaceae Herbaceous or seldom woody Stems often rhizomatous and/or with erect culms (A, shoots) Stems round, hollow, with nodes (B) Leaves linear, with parallel venation, sheathing, with ligule at top of sheath Inflorescences with terminal and axillary spikelets (C), subtended by bracts (glumes) Flowers without sepals and petals Spike (awn) often present on bracts Stamens and ovary hidden inside bracts (D), called palea and lemma C D B C A

Poaceae When flowering, styles and anthers hanging out from spikelets Stamens 3 Style often branched and plumose (feather-like) Fruit a one-seeded ____ (caryopsis)