组员：缪李信李群陈鹏军 梁烁 杨瑞瑞杨丽李亚琳 张丽

L o g o A biological response modifier (substance that can improve the body's natural response to infection and disease) that helps the immune system fight infection and cancer. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases.

Interleukin plays an important role in immune response

IL-1 function Functions of IL-4 and IL-6

Due to its effects on T-cells and B-cells IL2 is a central regulator of immune responses.

Company Logowww.themegallery.com INTERLEUKIN-2 CLINICAL USE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES RECEPTORS PROTEIN CHARACTERISTICS SOURCES

Under physiological conditions IL2 is produced mainly by T-cells expressing the surface antigen CD4 following cell activation by mitogens or antigens. Resting cells do not produce IL2 Transformed T-cells and B-cells, leukemia cells, LAK cells (lymphokine-activated killer cells) and NK-cells also secrete IL2. Vitamin E can enhance the production of IL2 sources

PROTEIN CHARACTERISTICS IL2 is a protein of 133 amino acids (15.4 kDa) with a slightly basic pI. It does not display sequence homology to any other factors. L2 is synthesized as a precursor protein of 153 amino acids with the first 20 aminoterminal amino acids functioning as a hydrophobic secretory signal sequence. The protein contains a single disulfide bond (positions Cys58/105) essential for biological activity.

L o g o The molecular constitution of IL-2

L o g o Company Logo Receptor of IL-2  The biological activities of IL2 are mediated by a membrane receptor that is expressed almost exclusively on activated, but not on resting, T-cells. Activated B-cells and resting mononuclear leukocytes rarely express this receptor. The expression of the IL2 receptor is modulated by IL5 and IL6. For other factors specifically influencing IL2 receptor expression see: IL2R/p55 inducing factor, IL2 receptor inducing factor, IL2R-alpha chain inhibitory activity.

L o g o Company Logo ( Kdis = 100 pM) consists of the p75 subunit and a gamma chain. This receptor is a membrane receptor complex consisting of the two subunits:p75 and p55as the ligand binding domains and a gamma chain as a signaling component (Kdis = 10 nM) is formed by p55 alone. Three different types of IL2 receptors high affinity IL2 receptor intermediate affinity IL2 receptor low affinity receptor

Molecular structure of IL-2 receptor

L o g o Company Logo 1.IL2 functions on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells A IL-2 promote the proliferation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cell B Promote the expression of various receptors on T cell Such as:TfR( 转铁蛋 白受体 ), Insulin receptor C Promote the T cell to produce lymphokines. Such as: IFN- γ,IL-4,IL-5,IL- 6,CSF

Confidentiality/date line: 13pt Arial Regular, white Maximum length: 1 line Information separated by vertical strokes, with two spaces on either side Disclaimer information may also be appear in this area. Place flush left, aligned at bottom, 8-10pt Arial Regular, white Indications in green = Live content Indications in white = Edit in master Indications in blue = Locked elements Indications in black = Optional elements Copyright: 10pt Arial Regular, white IL-2 promote the proliferation of CD4 + T cell

2.Promote the differentiation and effect of killer cell

L o g o 3.Effect on B cell directly and indirectly. Indirect: IL-2 IL-2R on T cell secret Some factors to B cell Direct: IL-2 B cell Plasma cell Ab + Ig

4.Activate macrophage IL-2 promotes the microphage to kill the tumor according the mechanism of ADCC.

IL2 displays significant anti- tumor activity for a variety of tumor cell types since it supports the proliferation and clonal expansion of T-cells that specifically attack certain tumor types. Clinical application and significance

Adoptive immunotherapy Based on the idea that the immune system can delay tumor growth. It involves several steps : 1: Remove lymphocytes from the patient. 2: Stimulate those lymphocytes in vitro by the IL-2 and other activators to increase their immune capabilities. 3: Transfer those cells back into the patient to fight against the cancer There are many kinds of effect cells.

LAK cells are developed by removing peripheral blood lymphocytes and stimulating them with high concentrations of interleukin 2 (IL-2) (a cytokine produced by lymphocytes that stimulates both T-cells and natural killer cells). Once there is a large enough quantity of stimulated cells, the cells are transferred back into the patient. The adoptive transfer of these cells has shown promise in preclinical models. LAK cell

Tumor tissue contains its own immune system cells called tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. In TIL therapy, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are removed from the tumor itself and treated with IL-2. These activated cells are then returned to the patient to attack the tumor.

CTL cell

Cytokine therapy IL-2,TNF-,IFN-,CSF Gene therapy Cytokine gene tumor antigen gene anti-oncogene MHC gene Other therapy

According to the National Cancer Institute, interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to infection and disease) that stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. These substances are normally produced by the body. When the treatment is effective, it works very well. As you can see in the first graphic, the computed tomography (CT) photo shows a kidney tumor highlighted on the left in a red circle. After completing IL-2 therapy, the tumor appears to be gone (green circle). Case 1

Case 2 Here is another example of IL-2 therapy at work. It’s a treatment of a patient with melanoma( 黑素瘤 ). The after photo on the right shows that multiple tumors are gone with little scarring.

Other clinical application Cellular immunodeficiency diseases, especially those with impaired IL2 production are successfully treated by daily injections of hIL2. IL2 is also effective on some patients with antibody deficiency, probably caused by the lack of T-cell help for B-cells. A number of diseases have been described to be associated with the aberrant expression of IL2 or IL2 receptors, including Hodgkin's disease, Graft-versus-Host reaction, AIDS, immunodeficiency syndrome, severe burn traumas (see also: inflammation, wound healing), and allogenic bone marrow transplantation.

Several studies have demonstrated that the application of intratumoral low doses of IL2 can be highly effective against cancer and without toxic side-effects. On the contrary high dose IL2 therapy, accordingly, is also associated with a great number of unwanted toxic side-effects. IL2 has additional effects on other components of the cellular immune system, including B-cells and macrophages, and induces the secretion of other soluble mediators, including TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, and IFN-gamma. These effects may contribute to the antitumor activity of IL2 as well as to its dose- related toxicity. Pay Attention to Proper Dose !

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