1 Yahya C. Kurama, Professor Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Notre Dame Introduction to Engineering Program University of Notre Dame June 18, 2014

2 Professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the built environment Oldest engineering discipline after military engineering Sub-disciplines include environmental, geotechnical, structural, transportation, municipal or urban, water resources, materials, coastal, surveying, and construction Involves the public sector, private sector, research laboratories, academia What is Civil Engineering?

3 Structure: “any assemblage of materials that is intended to sustain loads” Nearly every plant and animal, and nearly all works of human beings have to sustain forces without breaking, so practically everything is a structure of one type or another.

4 Buildings Dams Tunnels Bridges Domes Civil Structures are BIG!

5 Great Pyramids Sphinx Man fears Time, yet Time fears the Pyramids Arab proverb

6 Gravity loads (self weight, people, furniture, etc.) Earth and water pressure Dynamic wind load effects Dynamic occupant effects Earthquakes Structures respond to these dynamic loads, moving, swaying, and ….

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12 BUILDING STRUCTURES Masonry Reinforced concrete frame Steel frame Reinforced concrete wall

13 Marina City Chicago Sears Tower Chicago John Hancock Building Chicago Empire State Building New York City Transamerica Building San Francisco

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17 AUGUST 17, 1999 IZMIT EARTHQUAKE (M 7.4)

18 SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN THE REGION

19 San Andreas Fault California

20 RIGHT-LATERAL STRIKE-SLIP FAULT (> 1400 km) E E W W The North Anatolian Fault

21 HORIZONTAL SLIP ALONG THE NAF 2 meters (6.6 feet) 2 meters (6.6 feet)

22 HORIZONTAL SLIP ALONG THE NAF

23 HORIZONTAL SLIP ALONG THE NAF

24 VERTICAL SLIP ALONG THE NAF 1.7 meters (5.6 feet) 1.7 meters (5.6 feet)

25 VERTICAL SLIP ALONG THE NAF

26 REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

27 REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

28 WHICH FLOOR WOULD YOU RATHER LIVE IN?

29 SOFT/WEAK STORY COLLAPSE

30 REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

31 REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

32 HYGOKEN-NAMBU, JAPAN, 1994

33 CHI-CHI, TAIWAN, 1999

34 NORTHRIDGE, U.S., 1994

35 NORTHRIDGE, U.S., 1994

36 MAIN PROBLEMS Poor detailing, poor materials, poor workmanship Stiff and heavy structures Limited capacity to deform laterally

37 SEISMIC ISOLATION

38 SEISMIC ISOLATION USING LEAD-RUBBER BEARINGS

39 LEAD-RUBBER BEARING

40 USC UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL - WITH ISOLATION

41 USC UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL - WITH ISOLATION

42 OLIVE VIEW HOSPITAL - WITHOUT ISOLATION

43 OLIVE VIEW HOSPITAL - WITHOUT ISOLATION

44 OLIVE VIEW HOSPITAL - WITHOUT ISOLATION

45 Civil Engineering has many interesting and challenging problems. Protecting structures against damaging winds and earthquakes is one of the important jobs of a civil engineer.

46 National Science Foundation Scientists and Engineers in the Schools Program

47 U.S. Geological Survey

48 On PBS

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