"Did I really have to declare that to the IRS???" How to Come Back into the US Tax System Town Hall Meeting Dr Guillaume Grisel US Banking and Taxation Part 6 LL.M. (Cambridge), Ph.D., T.E.P. Attorney-at-law, Bonnard Lawson

Swiss-US Estate Planning in a Nutshell Pre- / Post- Nuptial Agreements and Wills For US Citizens Living in Switzerland Dr. Guillaume Grisel LL.M. (Cambridge), Ph.D., T.E.P. Attorney-at-law, Bonnard Lawson

"Did I really have to declare that to the IRS???" How to Come Back into the US Tax System Town Hall Meeting Dr. Guillaume Grisel US Banking and Taxation Part 6 LL.M. (Cambridge), Ph.D., T.E.P. Attorney-at-law, Bonnard Lawson

The available options What the IRS wants you to do: "OVDP" Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (2009  11  12) Or "Streamlined filing" New Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures for Non-Resident U.S. Taxpayers (Sept. 2012) What many people do… "Quiet" or "Silent" Disclosure 4

The available options What the IRS wants you to do: "OVDP" Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (2009  11  12) What many people do… 5

OVDP: What you have to pay 8 years income tax + interests Tax penalties Accuracy-related penalties (20% of tax due) Failure to file/pay penalties (up to 25% of tax due each) FBAR penalty! 27.5% of highest value of each offshore account during the 8 last years (!!!) Can be reduced to 12.5% or even 5% in some (rare) cases Your lawyer and your CPA…

OVDP: Up & down sides Upsides Quasi-assurance of no criminal prosecution Predictability of tax and penalties due Downsides High penalties (in particular FBAR penalty) Thorough audit by the IRS High professional fees (CPA, lawyer) 7

The available options What the IRS wants you to do: "OVDP" Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (2009  11  12) Or "Streamlined filing" New Filing Compliance Procedures for Non- Resident U.S. Taxpayers (Sept. 2012) 8

Streamlined filing: Up & down sides Upsides Cheap and simple –3 years tax only (+ 6 years FBAR) –No penalties (only interests) –Lower professional fees Downsides Very restrictive eligibility conditions –Non-resident since 1st January 2009 –No return filed since 2009 –Max. $1500 /year due to the IRS –Low level of compliance risk Lack of predictability: no assurance about criminal prosecution and penalties All submissions reviewed by the IRS 9

The available options What the IRS wants you to do: "OVDP" Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (2009  11  12) Or "Streamlined filing" New Filing Compliance Procedures for Non- Resident U.S. Taxpayers (Sept. 2012) What many people do… "Quiet" or "Silent" Disclosure 10

« Quiet disclosure »: Up & down sides Upsides Relatively cheap and simple (if accepted by the IRS…) –6 years tax returns and FBARs –Failure to file/pay penalties but no FBAR penalty –Lower professional fees Generally no review by the IRS (but…) Downsides Not consistent with IRS rules  no assurance about criminal prosecution and FBAR penalties 11

Which way to pick? If you are in this situation…  Consider this way… Eligible for Streamlined filing  Streamlined filing US resident  OVDP Sophisticated offshore tax planning  OVDP Very important tax due  OVDP Risk of exchange of information  OVDP Other « high risk » situation  OVDP Only FBAR are missing  File missing FBAR and explain Other cases  ? 12

Swiss-US Estate Planning in a Nutshell Pre- / Post- Nuptial Agreements and Wills For US Citizens Living in Switzerland Dr. Guillaume Grisel LL.M. (Cambridge), Ph.D., T.E.P. Attorney-at-law, Bonnard Lawson

Spouses can make pre-/post-nups with respect to: 14 Division of marital propertyYes The options are: 1.Acquests sharing ("participation aux acquêts", the default system) Separation of assets during marriage At the end of the marriage, each spouse receives 50% of the assets earned (≠ received by way of gift, bequest) by the other during the marriage ("acquests") The 50%-50% rule can be changed The other assets (gifts, bequests, earnings previous to marriage) are not shared ("own assets") 2.Community of assets (freedom as to which assets are in or out of the community) 3.Separation of assets 4.Choosing US law if at least one spouse is US Alimony and division of pensionsYes, but… Must be ratified by the court along with the divorce judgment Will not be ratified if obviously unfair ! If both spouses are US and only one spouse is domiciled in Switzerland  US law applies!

Last wills: Swiss or US law? If the last place of domicile of the deceased is in Switzerland  The estate is subject to Swiss law ("default" rule) In Swiss law, close relatives have "forced heirship rights" E.g.: The testator has a spouse and two children Spouse has a right to at least 1/4 of the estate Each child has a right to at least 3/16 The testator may freely dispose of 3/8 of the estate A US person may choose US law and thus avoid the forced heirship rights If he/she: Does not acquire the Swiss citizenship before his/her death (can acquire another citizenship) Is still US at the time of his/her death

Forced heirship rights in Swiss law Default shares Minimal shares Disposable share E.g.: The testator has a spouse and children:

Thank you very much for your attention Should you have any questions… Bonnard Lawson – International Law Firm Me Guillaume GRISEL Rue du Grand-Chêne 8 CP 5463 CH-1002 Lausanne +41(0)21/348’11’88