Warm Up: Vanishing Farms History: SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgia from 1945 to a.Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia's growth. Text book code: gamsh17

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Essential Question (EQ): How did Georgia’s economy change after WWII? Essential Question (EQ): How was agriculture transformed in Georgia following WWII and how did this impact the state as a whole? 2

The number of farms in Georgia declined from approximately 226,000 in 1945 to 67,000 in There were several causes for this agrarian decline.

GI BILL: Our modern image of the middle class comes from the post–World War II era. The 1944 GI Bill provided returning veterans with money for college, businesses and home mortgages. Suddenly, millions of servicemen were able to afford homes of their own for the first time. Reference: Time Magazine: 599, ,00.html#ixzz1mXwMWkFp Reference: Time Magazine: 599, ,00.html#ixzz1mXwMWkFp

As a result, residential construction jumped from 114,000 new homes in 1944 to 1.7 million in In 1947, William Levitt turned 4,000 acres of Long Island, New York, potato farms into the then largest privately planned housing project in American history. With 30 houses built in assembly-line fashion every day — each with a tree in the front yard — the American subdivision was born. Then came the cars. And the backyard barbecues. And the black-and-white TVs.William Levitt Read more:

Growth of Aviation Georgia’s favorable weather, non-union state (workers could be hired at lower wages and with fewer labor demands than in states controlled by unions) GROWTH OF AVIATION (what does Aviation mean)? Lockheed Aircraft becomes the largest employer by the end of 1946 Delta Airlines: 1941: home of Delta fleet in Atlanta

Complete Graphic Organizer in Notes: DOE FRAMEWORK: VANISHING FARMS The demand for cotton decreased after the war. It continued to fall in the 1950s and 1960s as manmade fibers such as rayon and polyester became popular. In the 1980s and 1990s, consumers wanted natural fibers again, and cotton made a comeback. Even so, cotton was no longer king. In the twenty-first century, less than 10 percent of the money made by farming in Georgia comes from cotton.

Cotton Farming in Georgia became more diverse in the post-war years as mechanization changed the way farmers produced crops. By the late 1940s, cotton picking machines made it possible to have fewer cotton farms but more production. Manmade fibers such as rayon and polyester in the 1950s and 1960s lessened the demand for cotton. Today, less than 10 percent of Georgia’s farming income comes from cotton. 8

Other Crops By the 1950s, Georgia was the country’s top peanut producing state. The state also leads the nation in pecan production. Improved transportation has made truck farming an important part of the economy. Many vegetables, including Georgia’s sweet Vidalia onions are important crops. Georgia-grown peaches and apples are the state’s key fruits. 9

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Livestock Beef cattle and hogs have long been part of Georgia’s agricultural economy. By 1946, Georgia law required pasteurization, the process of heating milk to kill bacteria that cause disease. Milk production became more profitable and efficient with new machines in the 1960s. Georgia is the nation’s leader in broilers, chickens weighing less than 2.5 pounds. By the mid-1990s, Americans ate more chicken than beef and pork. Agribusiness, including processing products for market, has grown Georgia’s economy. Georgia’s agricultural industries today are modern and mechanized. 11

Post WWII: Agriculture As you have seen, agriculture and manufacturing both went through processes of mechanization and modernization. This led to greater output but also fewer workers. As jobs in these areas became more difficult to find, many workers turned to jobs in the service industries. As you learned, service industries do not produce an actual product but a service such as health care, education, entertainment, and lodging. By the 2000s, a majority of jobs in the state and throughout the entire country were in the service sector. Following World War II, Georgia expanded its banking, insurance, entertainment, and retail services. Atlanta became a center for banking, and other communities also had important banking institutions. 12

Which cause do you think had the greatest impact on movement away from the farms? 1.The expansion of the GI Bill for all people – military and civilian 2.The destruction caused by the bollweevil 3.Lack of profitability of farms and other options for employment 4.Death of family members in WWI

Which cause do you think had the least impact on movement away from the farms? 1.Better opportunities in the cities 2.Increase in the use of synthetic fibers which decreased the need for cotton 3.The development of agribusiness 4.The GI Bill

How did this decline in farming impact other areas of the state? 1.Farming became more diverse and mechanized as farmers sought for other profitable products 2.Industries grew up in other areas of the state 3.Workers turned to jobs in the service area 4.All of the above

EQ: How did Georgia’s economy change after WWII? 1.Changed to a mainly agricultural economy 2.Changed to a mainly defensive based economy 3.Became more diversified with migration from farms to service industries 4.Changed to a mainly aviation industry

Essential Question (EQ): How was agriculture transformed in Georgia following WWII and how did this impact the state as a whole? 1.The state became largely agriculture based with cotton resuming its status as KING COTTON 2.Sharecropping again became profitable and the main farming method 3.There were fewer people working farms and fewer farms to work on, although farming did become more diverse 4.All of the above

CRCT Tuesday, Feb 21 Vanishing Farms, William B. Hartsfield, Ivan Allen

What led to growth in Georgia’s cities after WWII? 1.Agriculture was no longer dominant industry 2.Farm employees went to cities in search of jobs 3.Sixty percent of Georgia’s population lived in cities 4.All of the above

Why did the demand for cotton fall? 1.Synthetic fibers such as rayon and nylon were introduced 2.Farm machinery allowed more production 3.Georgia became more rural 4.The invention of the cotton gin decreased the price

What crops were planted in place of cotton? 1.Peanuts, soybeans, cotton 2.Cotton, peanuts, peaches 3.Blueberries, cotton, soybeans 4.Soybeans, peanuts, corn

What was the most important crop in Georgia PRIOR TO WWII? 1.Cattle 2.Sheep 3.Goats 4.cotton

What was one of the most important agricultural products after WWII? 1.Cattle 2.Goats 3.Poultry 4.sheep

What caused enrollment in colleges and universities to increase after WWII? 1.GI bill 2.Smarter people 3.Growth of rural areas 4.Increased mechanization which resulted in farmers needing more education

What are suburbs? 1.Cities with colleges/universities around them 2.Residential areas around cities 3.Nicer homes in cities 4.Homes located near a mall

What lured many Northern companies to Georgia post WWII? 1.Georgia was a non union state 2.Workers could be hired at lower wages 3.Lower heating costs 4.All of the above

What is MARTA? 1.Monthly allowance restitution transfer alliance 2.Metropolitan Atlanta Reliance Transit Authority 3.Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority 4.Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transportation Authority

What department did Hartsfield integrate during his time as mayor? 1.Police department 2.City council 3.Public facilities 4.Transportation

Mayor Hartsfield is best known as the “Father of _______” 1.Transportation 2.Aviation 3.Recreation 4.Integration

Mayor Ivan Allen… 1.Supported integration 2.Did not support integration 3.Supported integration of the police and fire departments but not restrooms 4.Supported integration of restrooms but not fire departments

Who was the mayor of Atlanta responsible for brining professional athletic teams to the city? 1.Richard Russell 2.Ivan Allen 3.William B. Hartsfield 4.Ellis Arnall

CRCT Wednesday, Feb 22 What standards are we studying?

Who did Ellis Arnall defeat in the 1942 Governor’s race? 1.Herman Talmadge 2.Eugene Talmadge 3.Noble Wimbley Jones 4.All of the above

How many years was a Governor’s term of office AFTER 1942? 1.Two 2.Four 3.Six 4.Eight

What is Ellis Arnall best known for? 1.Granting eighteen year olds the right to vote 2.Losing to Eugene Talmadge 3.Losing to Herman Talmadge 4.Being elected President

What office did Benjamin Mays hold? 1.Governor 2.President of Morehouse College 3.Mayor of Atlanta 4.President of the United States

Who did Benjamin Mays serve as a mentor to? 1.Eugene Talmadge 2.Ellis Arnall 3.Richard Russell 4.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr

Under the white primary system, only whites were 1.Allowed to vote 2.Allowed to hold office 3.Allowed to vote in a democratic primary 4.Allowed to vote in a republican primary

King v Chapman – what did it do? 1.Established white primaries as constitutional 2.Established white primaries as unconstitutional 3.Ruled Separate but equal illegal 4.Ruled separate but equal legal

If the governor cannot complete his or her duties, who takes over? 1.Speaker of the house 2.Senate majority leader 3.Lieutenant Governor 4.Governor of the nearest border state

Why is the 1946 Georgia Governor election called the three governor’s episode? 1.Because Eugene Talmadge was elected three times 2.Because three different individuals claimed to be Georgia’s governor at the same time 3.Because it required three elections for someone to win the majority 4.All of the above

Where would you find the information outlining the procedure for what to do if the Governor became “incapacitated” 1.The US Constitution 2.The Georgia Constitution 3.The County Bylaws 4.The Declaration of Human Rights

What was the greatest contribution of Herman Talmadge? 1.Education – he expanded schools for grades Integration – he integrated the city fire and police department 3.Transportation – he started MARTA 4.Communication – he started Georgia’s facebook page