Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 Aulanni’am Biochemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Brawijaya University Bioethics as a basis for decision-making

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 Why Bioethics?

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 Current Bioethical Issues  Check the local news paper  Stem cells (state, national, international)  Genetically Engineered Organisms  Knowing your genes  In vetro fertilization – choosing your child's genes and characteristics  Global warming  Chemicals exposures – human health  Environmental health

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." - Aldo Leopold, 1949, A Sand County Almanac The First Bioethicist Aldo Leopold

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 “An ethic, ecologically, is a limitation on freedom of action in the struggle for existence” Aldo Leopold Limits on Freedom

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 “The Commons” The Tragedy of the Commons By Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 Technical Solutions “It is our considered professional judgment that this dilemma has no technical solution.” The Tragedy of the Commons By Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 Problems – Solutions?  Lead and kids  Fetal alcohol syndrome  Nuclear disarmament  Bioterrorism  Ocean Fisheries  Persistent chemicals  The Commons

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 "Biology combined with diverse humanistic knowledge forging a science that sets a system of medical and environmental priorities for acceptable survival.“ Global Bioethics (1988) Bioethics Van Rensselaer Potter

Aulani "GE" Presentation ’s - Scientific method in medicine, Gregor Mendel Penicillin discovered – widely used WWII 1920’s - Lead in gasoline, lead in paint states had sterilization laws on books Tuskegee syphilis study initiated Nuremberg - The Doctors Trial First open heart surgery & Chlorpromazine Structure of DNA – Watson & Crick Ethics and Science

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 60’s - Thalidomide, mercury, chronic hemodialysis, amniocentesis, informed consent, IRB’s 70’s - Hastings Center founded, bioethics defined, Tuskegee noticed, Belmont Report (3 principles), Genentech Inc. founded, awareness of FAS, sensitivity of developing CNS 80’s - Recombinant microorganism could be patented, lead is harmful to developing brain 90’s - molecular biology, sequencing of human genome (other species), Jurassic Park 00’s - US stem cell research restricted 03 - Human cloned? Ethics and Science

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5Question?? Who were the most influential people of the past century? James Watson (L) and Francis Crick (R), and the model they built of the structure of DNA (and Rosalind Franklin).

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 ELSI  Ethical  Legal / Regulatory  Social  Implications or Issues  What is unsaid or missing?  Science  Values  Politics

Aulani "GE" Presentation 5 Topics  Why this is topic important  DNA to RNA to Proteins  Stem Cells  Cloning – Therapeutic and Human