 If you are comparing things, put them next to each other. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable

Set #1 Apples Oranges Cherries Oatmeal Juice Coffee Hot Pockets Candy Set # 2 Oranges Coffee Candy Hot Pockets Spaghetti Juice Oatmeal Cereal Apples Set # 1Set #2 Apples Oranges Cherries Oatmeal Juice Coffee Hot Pockets Candy Oranges Coffee Candy Hot Pockets Spaghetti Juice Oatmeal Cereal Apples

1. Independent Variable 2. Dependent Variable 3. Controlled Variable

1. Independent Variable 2. Dependent Variable 3. Controlled Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable

 Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist ◦ What is tested ◦ What is manipulated

1. Independent Variables 2. Dependent Variables 3. Controlled Variables Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist What is tested What is manipulated Definition Picture

 Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist ◦ What is tested ◦ What is manipulated Water and acid affect on shells

1. Independent Variable 2. Dependent Variable 3. Controlled Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist What is tested What is manipulated Definition Picture Example What was added to the shells e.g. acid.

 Dependent Variable – something that might be affected by the change in the independent variable ◦ What is observed ◦ What is measured ◦ The data collected during the investigation

1. Independent Variable 2. Dependent Variable 3. Controlled Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist What is tested What is manipulated Dependent Variable – something that might be affected by the change in the independent variable What is observed What is measured The data collected during the investigation Definition Picture Example What was added to the shells e.g. acid.bubbles 12.4g

 Controlled Variable – a variable that is not changed ◦ Also called constants ◦ Allow for a “fair test” Not Changed

1. Independent Variable 2. Dependent Variable 3. Controlled Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist What is tested What is manipulated Dependent Variable – something that might be affected by the change in the independent variable What is observed What is measured The data collected during the investigation Controlled Variable – a variable that is not changed Also called constants Allow for a “fair test” Definition Picture Example What was added to the shells e.g. acid.bubblesthe shells 12.4g

Independent Variable? Dependent? What are all the variables that are kept the same, the controlled variables?

Independent Variable – sunlight Dependent Variable – plant height Gets treatment with Independent Variable Experimental Group No treatment with Independent Variable no sunlight Control Group Experimental Group = test groups that receive treatment with Independent group Control Group = test group that does NOT get treated with Independent variable

Independent Variable – sunlight Dependent Variable – plant height Experimental Group Gets treatment with Independent Variable No treatment with Independent Variable (no sunlight) Control Group Experimental Group = test groups that are treated with the Independent variable Control Group = group that is NOT treated with the Independent variable

GroupDay 1Day 3Day 5Day 7 A (Control Group) __10__ hours sunlight 5 cm10 cm15 cm20 cm B experimental Group __5__ hours of sunlight 5 cm7 cm10 cm15 cm C (experimental group) __0__ hours of sunlight 5 cm 3 cm “Raw” Data

 Bar Charts highlight comparisons Groups (Independent Variable) Hours of Sunlight Dependent Variable Growth in cm

 Line graphs show trends  Relationships

What are the variables in this example?

 Ages of the students ◦ Different ages were tested by the scientist

 The time it to put the puzzle together ◦ The time was observed and measured by the scientist

 Same puzzle ◦ All of the participants were tested with the same puzzle. ◦ It would not have been a fair test if some had an easy 30 piece puzzle and some had a harder 500 piece puzzle.

 Sizes of nails ◦ These were changed by the scientist

 Number of paper clips picked up ◦ The number of paper clips observed and counted (measured)

 Battery, wire, type of nail ◦ None of these items were changed

 Independent variable – temperature of water  Dependent variable – time to cook an egg  Controlled variable – type of egg

 Independent variable – depth of the water  Dependent variable – temperature  Controlled variable – thermometer