Indian Biogas Association (iba) Enhancing renewable energy sector and its manufacturing sector as per global standard - an outlook from Biogas side Dr. A. R. Shukla Former Adviser(Bio-energy), MNRE President, iba RuDiCON, 30 May 2014, Mumbai

Installed capacity of renewables in India (as on 31 March 2014) Potential of renewables in India upto 2032 Small Hydro 3803 Wind Solar 2647 Bioenergy Wind Bioenergy Solar Small Hydro Renewable energy situation in India (in MW) Source: MNRE

Bioenergy (in MW) Biomass (non-bagasse) Cogeneration Bio-gas based energy system 3.77 Biomass Gasifiers (Rural) 2.49 Biomass Gasifiers (industrial) Source: MNRE Bagasse based cogeneration In addition to this, 47.4 lacs family size biogas plants also exist! Waste to energy (off grid) Waste to energy (grid) 106.6

Chain Analysis GGSGESGUS GGS:Gas Generation System GES:Gas EnrichmentSystem GUS:Gas Utilization System GGS:Gas Generation System GES:Gas EnrichmentSystem GUS:Gas Utilization System

Gas Generation System Mixing system – available in India Pumping system – partially available in India and manufacturing possibility exists Gas storage system – proper trading possibility exists. With rise in demand it can be manufactured in India Heating system – Indigenously available Civil work – No problem Know how – It is needed to give a customized solution and fortunately countries like Germany are ready to help A proper bio-fertilizer enrichment possibility is there to enhance N, P, K and to utilize the humic acid Small scale gas generation system upto 25 cum can be offered in a pre-fabricated mode. The technology is indigenously available.

Gas Enrichment System Water scrubbing – Indigenously available and can be further developed Amine scrubbing – Indigenously available PSA – Indigenously available and market is picking up Membrane – Trading possible

Gas Utilization System Booster compressor – Still very few options are available in India. It gives a good opportunity for trading or even manufacturing. Genset – India heavily depends on import for Biogas based gensets. The O&M possibilities along with the trading of such gensets do exist. Small gensets are now available in India.

Drying, Desulfurization Boiler Heat Gas conditioning with or without CO2 separation Bottling or gas grid Compression Substitute for LPG or nature gas Filling station Reformation (possibly) Fuel Electricity & Heat CHP BIOGAS Electricity &heat Fuel cell DM via sync gas route Utilization of Biogas

Biofuels in Comparison

Substrate from Agricultural, Urban and Industrial origin Cow Dung, poultry litter Agricultural residues as rice straw, banana stem, maize stalks Sugar mill press mud, Distilleries spent wash, Sago plant effluent Municipal Solid Waste, slaughter house waste, vegetable market waste, kitchen waste Silage from agricultural crops as Napier grass, Sugar beet, Sugar cane, Maize

Financial Analysis Units of Electricity 0.4 Kg of Compressed Biogas INR INR 7/KWh* (Euro 0.17) INR INR 60/Kg* (Euro 0.29) INR INR 5/Ncum (Euro 0.06) Not to forget – Bio-fertilizer is an intrinsic part of revenue for Biogas business! * CAPEX & OPEX almost similar for both type of plants 1 Ncum of Biogas

Indian Biogas Scenario Scattered market No established player at national level Market needs someone offering end to end solution Experienced and skilled workforce is lacking Government active intervention is needed Promotion of organic crops is lacking Different approach is needed for small, medium and large scale biogas plant promotion Supply chain management is to be streamlined

Challenges Finance Bio-fertilizer production, management & marketing Technical Social engineering CostPolicyO&M Energy usage marketing & management

Fertilizer production

Challenges for Bio-fertilizer Market acceptability Time length to enhance the soil conditioning Proper marketing Enrichment with N, P, K

Summary Biogas: Versatile and efficient R&D: Improvement of efficiency and environmental performance of biogas production and utilization For Biogas development, clear governmental policies are crucial Integration and compensation of biogas – technically, financially and socially Trees can be retained Biogas is a quick, easily controlled fuel No smoke or smell (unless there is a leak) Clean pots Sludge is a better fertilizer than manure or synthetic fertilizers (and is cheaper than manufactured products) Reduced pathogen transmission compared to untreated waste

Q&A Commonsense is the realised sense of proportion! Dr. A. R. Shukla E: M: A:A-204, Ganinath, Sector5/1, Dwarka, New Delhi –