Nouns What are nouns?

What is a noun? Person – Mom, Dad, Christy, Ed, girl, boy Place – London, Louisville, home, school Thing – bike, desk, car, homework Idea – freedom, courage, inspiration

Common Nouns Every day nouns that are not capitalized dog cat desk house chair car book history

Proper Nouns Names a specific person, place, or thing Mrs. Smith London Asia Africa Pontiac Grand Prix December Thanksgiving Civil War

Concrete or Abstract Nouns Concrete – anything that appeals to the senses: person, place, thing Abstract – cannot be sensed, it is hard to understand (like abstract art): idea

Collective Nouns A collective noun is a singular noun that refers to many things. Herd Class Senate Congress Choir School Team

SINGULAR NOUNS Singular nouns refer to ONE item. Singular nouns need singular verbs (singular verbs end with “s”.) Most singular nouns do not end in “S”. Some singular nouns do end in “S”, like scissors.

Example Singular Nouns The tree is tall. Subject – singular tree Verb – singular is The fish swims in circles. Subject – singular fish Verb – singular swims

Plural Nouns Plural nouns refer to more than one item. Plural nouns need plural verbs (plural verbs do not end with “S”.) Most plural nouns end with “S.” Some plural nouns are irregular (women, men, children, mice)

Ways to Make Nouns Plural If it is a normal noun, just add “S”. If the noun ends in “S, X, Z, CH, or SH” add “ES”. If it ends with a consonant then “Y”, change the “Y” to “I” and add “ES”. desk = desks bench = benches country = countries

Ways to Make Nouns Plural If the noun ends with a vowel plus “Y”, just add “S”. If the noun ends with a vowel plus “O”, just add “S”. If the noun ends with a consonant and “O”, add “ES”. holiday – holidays rodeo = rodeos tomato = tomatoes

Ways to Make Nouns Plural Some nouns are irregular. They do not follow a rule. Some nouns are the same in the singular and plural. Numbers and letters add apostrophe “S”. woman = women man = men deer, moose,sheep A’s, 5’s

Example Plural Nouns The trees are tall. Subject – plural trees Verb – plural are The fish swim in circles. Subject – plural fish Verb – plural swim The children learn a lot at school. Subject – plural children Verb – plural learn

Possessive Nouns Possessive nouns show ownership.

How to Make a Noun Possessive If it is a singular noun, add apostrophe and “S”. If it is a plural noun that does not end with “S”, add apostrophe and “S”. If it is a plural noun ending with “S”, just add apostrophe. Class = class’s Children = children’s Classes = classes’

Compound Nouns Two or more words combined to make one word. They can be spelled as one word. They can be spelled as two separate words. They can be hyphenated words. Paintbrush Dog house Mother-in-law

Plural Compound Nouns To make a compound noun plural, add the appropriate ending to the word you want to make plural. For example – you may have more than one brother-in-law so it will be brothers-in-law. The laws are not plural.

The Jobs of Nouns Subject Predicate Noun Direct Object Indirect Object Object of Preposition

Subject The main idea of the sentence. The main idea of the sentence.

Example Subject My favorite place to visit is London. Subject = place

Predicate Noun Noun or pronoun Renames or defines the subject After a linking verb

Example P.N. My favorite place to visit is London. P.N. = London

Direct Object Noun or pronoun Follows an action verb Answers the questions What? or Whom? YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.

Example D.O. He played the piano nicely. D.O. = piano

Indirect Object Noun or pronoun Follows an action verb Comes before a direct object Answers the questions To Whom?, To What?, For Whom?, or For What? YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.

Example I.O. She gave him an ice cream cone. D.O. = cone I.O. = him

Object of Preposition Noun or pronoun Follows a preposition Completes a prepositional phrase

Example O.P. She sat in the car for a long time. 1. Preposition = in 1. Prepositional phrase = in the car 1. O.P. = car 2. Preposition = for 2. Prepositional phrase = for a long time 2. O.P. = time

Review Jobs of Nouns Subject Predicate Noun Direct Object Indirect Object Object of Preposition

O.P. or Appositive An object of the preposition follows a preposition. Ex. We wrote about our teacher. Teacher is the object of the preposition “about.” An appositive is set off with commas and defines a noun in front of it. Ex. Ms. Berger, our teacher, is awesome. Teacher is the appositive that define Ms. Berger.