Aeronautical Information Vision and Strategy Executive Briefing

Topics Introduction concepts Advances in aeronautical information Status at FAA What our customers want Current activities Summary

Topics/1 Introduction concepts Advances in aeronautical information Status at FAA What our customers want Current activities Summary

Introduction concepts Products are presentations (Views) of data Effective at date of publication The primary user of [paper] products is humans Machines have to interpret products to extract underlying data The real value is in the data The product is just the presentation Web Display Publications Hypertext

Introduction concepts/2 ICAO Annex 15 describes the product requirements for the Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) (2 Products) Baseline (Static Situation) Delta (Dynamic Changes) RESTRICTED AIRSPACE ACTIVE RUNWAY CLOSED NOTAMS Aeronautical Information Publication Notice to Airman

Introduction concept/3 Historically we set up stovepipes to create products Customers are responsible for integrating products into view of the airspace system We cannot ensure the products are consistent Aeronautical Products Customers NASR NOTAMs ACES ETMS DAFIF DOF SUA ALTRV TPP NFD …

Topics/2 Introduction concepts Advances in aeronautical information Status at FAA What our customers want Current activities Summary

Advances in Aeronautical Information Maturity in understanding FAA products What is a NOTAM? Move from Messages to Transactions Putting it together What’s changed? Global change: AIS to AIM

Maturity in understanding products 1. Maturity in understanding products We don’t have to live in the “product-centric” past We create many systems to do the same thing to the same basic data elements Example of 2 Aeronautical Notices Notice to Airman (NOTAM) Special Use Airspace (SUA) status Aeronautical information data products have common themes Identification and Operation [ What ] Description (KIAD), Status (Open/Closed) Period of Validity [ When ] Geometry [ Where ] Point, Line, Polygon Latitude, Longitude, Altitude

Aeronautical Information Identification & Operation 2. What is a NOTAM? Notice that the published information has changed NOTAM – Notice to Airmen A0794/06 (09/027) - RUNWAY CLOSED 10/28 12 SEP 04:00 UNTIL UFN + 12 Sep 0400 GMT Until Further Notice + Aeronautical Information Identification & Operation Geometry Period of Validity Message

Another notice Military Airspace Status 2. Another notice Military Airspace Status SUA Status – Special Use Airspace status Buckeye Military Operation Area (MOA) Activated 0900 to 1300 on Sep 9 2006 Buckeye MOA Activated + 9 Sep 2006 0900 to 1300 GMT + MOA boundary Special Use Airspace status follows a similar pattern. In this example, Buckeye MOA is the identified feature and its status is changed to ‘activated’. (The operation is ‘activate’.) The period of validity is provided and we can identify the Buckeye MOA boundary as the relevant geometry. Aeronautical Information Identification & Operation Geometry Period of Validity Message

What about other FAA products? 2. What about other FAA products? Products (Historically Text based) NOTAM: Runway is Closed for a certain time SUA: Buckeye MOA is Active for a certain time CARF: Temporary Restricted Airspace GPS/WAAS: GPS Unreliable in Coverage area until further notice Common Themes Identification and Operation [ What ] Period of Validity [ When ] Geometry [ Where ] The examples above all describe something that is happening to a piece of airspace, but it could be an airport, navaid or any other component of the National Airspace System (NAS)

A Credit Card Transaction A familiar example 3. A Credit Card Transaction A familiar example Credit Card Transaction Charge Number Timestamp Operation List of changed properties … Debit $200 = + Credit Information Identification & Balance Credit Information Identification & Balance (Updated State) Message Credit card [Existing] balance - Charge= [New] balance [Existing] Value + transaction = [New] Value Address update….. Special Use Airspace status follows a similar pattern. In this example, Buckeye MOA is the identified feature and its status is changed to ‘activated’. (The operation is ‘activate’.) The period of validity is provided and we can identify the Buckeye MOA boundary as the relevant geometry.

A Transaction Aeronautical data works the same way 3. A Transaction Aeronautical data works the same way Aeronautical Information Transaction (AI-T) Aeronautical Feature Period of Validity: Start of Change End of Change Operation List of changed properties Geometry = + Aeronautical Information Identification & Operation (Published) Aeronautical Information Identification & Operation (Updated State) Message (What, When, Where) Start with published information about an aeronautical feature (runway, airport, airway, fix, airspace…) Add a request to change a property of a feature (owner, status, availability…) Result is the updated feature Special Use Airspace status follows a similar pattern. In this example, Buckeye MOA is the identified feature and its status is changed to ‘activated’. (The operation is ‘activate’.) The period of validity is provided and we can identify the Buckeye MOA boundary as the relevant geometry.

3. Putting it together Start flight planning with a snapshot of the current airspace Request updates to the dataset since the snapshot was taken Result is a common [near-time] view of the NAS Airports Aircraft FMS ATC Automation Traffic Flow Management Partners – International, Military, … User systems would use or show that data in the form that supports their requirements Query, Filter, Alert, Transform (text or graphic representation)

5. What’s changed? International Recognition that we need to move from text-based products There is a global exchange model available Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM) Describes aeronautical information and relationships Designed for system to system exchange of data We now understand that existing legacy products can be created from base NAS data Publications NOTAMs Charts (after adaptation for best presentation) Data Quality starts at the beginning of the process (survey) and must be maintained Trace-ability of data source and modification Chain-of-Custody

Global change: AIS to AIM 6. Global change: AIS to AIM Classical AIS - publish documents AIM System - manage data SUP, NOTAM, AIC Managing Product Managing Data AIP Document content and format is described by: - ICAO Annex 15, Appendix 1 – AIP Content - ICAO Annex 15, Appendix 6 – NOTAM format - … Data managed in the system is described by models: - Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM) - AIXM Conceptual Model (AICM) - Electronic AIP (eAIP) – on-line presentation format Specifications Content Quality Metadata States and ANSP are migrating from traditional AIS towards Aeronautical Information management (AIM). In a classical AIS organization, the organization publishes aeronautical information documents such as the AIP, Supplements and NOTAMS that conform to the content and formats described by ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices. An AIM organization manages aeronautical data in accordance with the implicit data content requirements described by ICAO. Today these implicit data content requirements are represented in a structured format by the AIXM conceptual model (AICM). By managing the data, the AIM organization can publish the information in traditional and new product formats using the same source. Finally AIM supports accuracy and fast exchange of aeronautical data to other service providers and customers. The success of AIM depends directly on the data model used to represent aeronautical data. Why are models important? The role of a data model is: To represent real world concepts as a theoretical construction so they can be represented and interpreted by automated systems. To provide a basis for a logical data structure during software and database implementation. To standardize conceptual understanding about a domain so that every person and system involved can speak the same language. To provide the basis for contracts (service agreements) between systems so that systems use the same format. ANSP = Air Navigation Service Providers AIS = Aeronautical Information Services AIM = Aeronautical Information Management AIP = Aeronautical Information Publication SUP = AIP Supplement AIC = Aeronautical Information Circular NOTAM = Notice to Airmen SARPS = Standards And Recommended Practices eAIP = Electronic AIP EuroControl Slide

Topics/3 Introduction concepts Advances in aeronautical information Status at FAA What our customers want Current activities Summary

Historically at FAA Criteria is manual and form-based Separate data sets for each activity Paper-based processing and tracking Non-integrated Products Examples 7930.2 NOTAM Manual – Specifies “human-readable” grammar Examples DOF – Obstacle data set for public AirNAV – Obstacle data set for procedure development NASR – NAS data set for public NACO – NAS data set for charting Examples Letters of Agreement SUA development and validation NOTAMs Examples Charts Letters of Agreement Publications Procedure Charts Airport Layouts 8260.19 TERPS – “Mail Sectional Charts” “Rules for interpreting terrain contours” 7400.X Airspace – Manual coordination and publication of airspace

Trends in the FAA Criteria – separating policy, procedures and data 8260.19D (TERPS automation) Proposed NOTAM manual modernization Data sets – improved data integrity and information management Surveys and Airport GIS Processing – automation and workflow iOE/AAA MIA and MVA evaluations Milops, Airport GIS, etc. Products – automation from a common data set eNASR

Topics/4 Introduction concepts Advances in aeronautical information Status at FAA What our customers want Current activities Summary

What our Customers want 2006 Global AIS Congress Highlights from NOTAM Survey Digital data not text Multiple Views Direct to the cockpit

2006 Global AIS Congress AIS – The key to Interoperability 1. 2006 Global AIS Congress AIS – The key to Interoperability Presentation given to AIS Congress By Capt. Ed Lyons VP Safety & Airworthiness Air Operations for Federal Express Madrid Attendance Over 500 attendees Over 80 Countries High Level Representation FAA ATO VP of System Operations EUROCONTROL Director General ICAO Director of Air Navigation US Organizational Response FAA’s Air Traffic Organization (ATO) System Operations Service Align ALL AIS and NOTAM organizations into a single mini-business unit focusing on delivery of Aeronautical Information Merged AIM Operations and Program Offices together The Goal is to have a single organization responsible for Aeronautical Information As technology and systems mature the distinction between traditional (AIS) static data and dynamic (NOTAM) data blur Move systems towards the concept of an Aeronautical Information Transaction (AI-T) Message: “US NOTAM system is broken” Request: NOTAM (AI) data directly to the cockpit

Quotes from NOTAM survey 2. Quotes from NOTAM survey FAA should plan to improve the processing and delivery of the aeronautical information because: “The key issue is safety not savings. Savings are nice but safety is paramount. The current, fragmented system is potentially unsafe and is definitely inefficient. Contradictory NOTAM – potentially unsafe Local NOTAM not disseminated – potentially unsafe Procedures changed by NOTAM – potentially unsafe (when good internal data checks would have uncovered the bad data in the fist place) Untimely data – potentially unsafe No advance warning e.g. long-haul flights inbound the USA – potentially unsafe (D-NOTAM) Lack of current surface conditions – potentially unsafe” Major Deficiencies to focus on “Put someone in charge and give them the authority to change how business is done! The NOTAM Office or some central facility must own, be aware of and have the authority to deal with all U.S. AIS/AIM data. It should also be able to follow up worldwide issues in coordination with EAD” “A SINGLE SOURCE is a MUST”

Digital data not text Sample NOTAM text Data Functionality 3. A0794/06 (09/027) - RUNWAY CLOSED 10/28 12 SEP 04:00 UNTIL UFN Data Fully Described (What and When) Fully geo-referenced (Where) Timely!!!!!!!!! Functionality Query Filter Transform Alert

Query Filter Transform Alert 4. Multiple views of data View A Plain Language NOTAM Format View B View C Query Filter Transform Alert Data enables Functions

Direct to the cockpit 5. x x x x x x x x x x From Ed Lyons (FedEx) Presentation at 2006 AIS Congress

Topics/5 Introduction concepts Advances in aeronautical information Status at FAA What our customers want Current activities Summary

Current activities Aeronautical Information Exchange Model Digital NOTAM Prototype Airport Surface NOTAM Viewer Next-generation Flight Management System (FMS) 2007 NOTAM Improvements Aeronautical Information Management

Introduction to AIXM Standards-based approach for modeling aeronautical data ICAO* Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) Industry standards Data concepts from aeronautical information products Originally developed by EUROCONTROL in 1990’s AIXM 5 Developed by collaboration of EUROCONTROL, FAA, NGA and others. Organized into major conceptual areas Aerodromes Airspace Fixes Procedures Routes Services Obstacles The Aeronautical Information Conceptual Model (AICM) uses a standards based approach to model aeronautical data. The AICM is based on ICAO standards and recommended practices, industry standards such as the ARINC 424 standard for expressing terminal procedures and data concepts from published aeronautical information products. AICM may be organized into 6 major conceptual areas: aerodromes (airports and heliports), airspace, fixes, procedures, routes and services. Services refers to organizations, units and the aviation services that they provide. *ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization

Feature Identification AIXM Foundation AI-X xNOTAM SUA Status Airspace Status Messages and AI-X Feature Identification Others… ISO 19107 Geometry ISO 19108 Temporality ISO 19115 Metadata Schema AIXM 5 Design Document – Model for Aeronautical Information Exchange (AI-X) www.aixm.aero

Digital-NOTAM prototype Partnership with Air Mobility Command (AMC) and National Geo-spatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) Proof of concept Fully digital NOTAM data (what, when, and where) NOTAM Creation NOTAM Data Model (Geo-referenced) Distribute US NOTAM System Convert Static and Dynamic Aeronautical Data Traditional formats and distribution channels still exist.

Airport Surface NOTAM Viewer Proof of Concept Digital NOTAM Explorer Airport Surface NOTAM Viewer Proof of Concept Filter Apply ABQ Airport : Plain Language View Military operations Civilian , Commercial GA Select User Type Operation Type VFR ( Visual ) IFR Time Range 8 / 1 2006 00 2 3 4 Machine readable NOTAM can be accurately filtered and converted to any format on the fly. NOTAM : 5 / 5454 Beginning : 8 / 1 / 2006 00 : 00 Geo-referenced NOTAMs can be plotted on maps and associated with Airport surface features. Ending : 8 / 3 / 2006 12 : 30 Taxiway : A - 8 Status : Closed Visual indicator that there is a NOTAM 8 / 1 / 2006 8 / 2 / 2006 16 : 00 08 : 00 NOTAM data can be accurately filtered by time.

Next Generation Flight Management ARINC Navigation Data Base eXchange (NDBX) December 2006 http://www.arinc.com/aeec/projects/ndbx/index.html FMS uses proprietary data formats Limiting options and competition Equipment Limitations Equipment and standard capacity limited < 10 year life Opportunity to resolve past compromises

2007 NOTAM Improvements FAA needs to address the issue of Local NOTAMS One central place to pull ALL US NOTAMs NOTAM numbering system Avoid re-using expired NOTAM numbers Numbers rolled 3 times in 2006 Goal: Maximize short-term benefits

Aeronautical Information Management 1. Aeronautical Information Management Operational Address AI data quality and tracking directly from the point of origination Should airports enter status changes directly into system? Single portal for AIS, NOTAM, and all other AI (surveys, obstacles, …) Integrate Special Use Airspace (SUA) status into the NOTAM system Digital Delivery along side of legacy NOTAM delivery Streamline AIM policy, processes and delivery Implement workflow management throughout AI processes Data Traceability and Metadata (source/author, date info, ) Tracking work throughout the data chain (survey…AIS…aircraft) Involve more of the community Planning a mid-April Community NOTAM briefing

Topics/6 Introduction concepts Advances in aeronautical information Status at FAA What our customers want Current activities Summary

Summary Paradigm Shift International Adoption Move from legacy AIS thinking to Aeronautical Information Management (legacy product to data) Actions Planned International Adoption Global data exchange format Aeronautical Information Exchange Format (AIXM) Partnership A couple of things to remember….

Paradigm Shift Data is the key 1. Paradigm Shift Data is the key Products are specifications on how data should be presented Charts (products) have two parts The aeronautical data How the data (label) should be presented (anchored to graphic) on the document Products can be out-of-date the day of publication Quality begins at the beginning of the data chain Single Entry – Multiple Views

Data-driven Charts Computer-assisted cartography is available now 1. Data-driven Charts Computer-assisted cartography is available now 1. Offset from Attribute General Rules Label requirements based on rules by scale Offset based on rules Label Location based on rules Overlapping based on rules 2. Candidate Placements Location Candidate #1 Candidate #4 XYZ XYZ XYZ XYZ XYZ Candidate #2 XYZ XYZ XYZ Candidate #5 Candidate #3

Single Data Entry Computer automated products are possible now 1. Single Data Entry Computer automated products are possible now Multiple Products/Views AIXM TFR Graphics AIXM Our data-centric approach to TFR creation can drive a variety of products including those shown on the right: 1) traditional TFR NOTAM text, 2) easy to read Web Text, 3) the NOTAM XML document and 4) graphical mapping outputs like TFR Graphics (tfr.faa.gov) Different Transforms

AIXM Deployment Global Adoption and Implementation 2. AIXM Deployment Global Adoption and Implementation AIXM The internationalization of AICM and AIXM really began in 2003 after the release of AICM/AIXM 3.3. Set-up of the AIXM Change Control Board (ACCB) with international participation (States and industry) The United States Federal Aviation Administration, United States National Geospatial Intelligence Agency and EUROCONTROL began to collaborate on expanding AICM and AIXM to cover global civilian and military aviation needs. Major early activities included assessing AICM and AIXM model coverage and updating lists of values. In March 2005 AICM and AIXM 4 was released. This was the first major release that incorporated suggestions from the international community and was a good test of consensus based configuration management. We think the future of AICM and AIXM as the global standard for aeronautical data is very promising Already there are a set of early adopters outside of EUROCONTROL who have chosen to base their future AIM systems on AICM and AIXM. Some of these adopters include Japan and Canada. With the release of AICM/AIXM version 5 this year, we expect this trend to accelerate. Following the Global AIM Congress of July 2006 (Madrid), ICAO has been recommended by the international AIS community to adopt AIXM as data exchange standard for aeronautical information. EuroControl Slide

International Adoption 2. International Adoption From 2006 Global AIS Congress Australia Canada China EuroControl Japan South Africa United States 1 –AIM is core ATM enabler 9 - Civil/Military partnerships 2 – Enlarged scope 8 – Business Focus 3 – Move from product to data approach 7 - Human Capital 4–Ensure quality for all phases of flight 6 - Global AIM Partnerships 5 – Regional Excellence

A couple things to remember… 3. A couple things to remember… Quality from the very beginning Quality check as data enters the system Authorization and accuracy Focus on end-to-end quality Complete Chain-of-Custody Move to digital delivery of Aeronautical data Build products from base AI data Merge like data types (NOTAMs and SUAs) Single entry – Multiple Views We will still have to maintain many of our legacy formats Aeronautical data is not just traditional AIS and NOTAMs Its Global…

Thank You !

Definitions AEEC Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (ARINC) AI Aeronautical Information (also means Artificial Intelligence) AI-T AI Transaction AIM Aeronautical Information Management AIS Aeronautical Information Service AICM Aeronautical Information Conceptual Model AIXM Aeronautical Information Exchange Model based on XML Annex 15 ICAO annex addressing AI Services CARF COI Community of Interest FMC Flight Management Computer FMS Flight Management System IV&V Independent Verification &Verification MOA Military Operating Area NDBX Navigation Database Exchange NOTAM Notice to Airman SUA Special Use Airspace UML Unified Modeling Language WG Work Group XML eXtendable Markup Language