Blood Start

TABLE OF CONTENTS Blood Blood Components Blood Typing Blood Cell Differential Identification Blood Cell Counting Using a Hemocytometer Blood

BLOOD TYPING Blood ABO Agglutination Result Rh Agglutination Result Type A Type AB Rh + Type B Type O Rh - Antigen – Antibody Composition Blood Type Compatibility Comparisons Blood

ABO Blood Typing Type A Type B Type AB Type O Blood

Type A Agglutination Result Note the appearance of fine granulation (pepper grains) in the blood No Agglutination Note the lack of granulation in the blood Blood

Type B Agglutination Result No Agglutination Agglutination Blood

Type AB Agglutination Result Blood

Type O Agglutination Result No Agglutination No Agglutination Blood

Rh Blood Typing Rh+ Rh- Blood

Rh+ Agglutination Result Blood

Rh- Agglutination Result No Agglutination Blood

BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION Human Blood Smear 400x Erythrocytes 400x 1000x Leukocytes Cell Types Thrombocytes 400x 1000x Blood

Human Blood Smear 400x erythrocyte thrombocyte leukocyte Blood

Erythrocytes 400x Blood

Erythrocytes 1000x Blood

LEUKOCYTES Blood Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte 1000x Eosinophil 1000x Basophil 1000x Lymphocyte 1000x Monocyte 1000x Blood

Leukocyte - Neutrophil 1000x thrombocyte erythrocyte neutrophil Blood

Leukocyte - Eosinophil 1000x erythrocyte eosinophil thrombocyte Blood

Leukocyte - Basophil 1000x erythrocyte basophil thrombocyte Blood

Leukocyte - Lymphocyte 1000x thrombocyte lymphocyte erythrocyte Blood

Leukocyte - Monocyte 1000x erythrocyte monocyte thrombocyte Blood

Thrombocytes 400x thrombocytes Blood

Thrombocytes 1000x thrombocytes Blood

BLOOD CELL COUNTING USING A HEMOCYTOMETER Microvolume Pipetters Hemocytometer Loading the Hemocytometer Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x Blood

Microvolume Pipetters Blood

Hemocytometer grid grid Blood

Loading Hemocytometer pipet tip cover slip Blood

Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x 1 2 3 4 5 RBC counted in 5 numbered areas Blood

Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x 3 Area 3 of previous magnification Blood

Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x Blood

Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x loaded with RBC Blood

Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x inside of each box, cell not counted if on bottom line or on right line cell not counted cell counted inside of each box, cell counted if within box, on top line or on left line Blood

Blood separate from the lighter, liquid components (plasma) When whole blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the heavier, solid component (cells) … Blood

click on a blood component

PLASMA (~55%) includes water, proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, organic nutrients and organic wastes Blood

ERYTHROCYTES (~45%) Blood

“BUFFY COAT” (~1%) LEUKOCYTES and THROMBOCYTES Blood

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPOSITION TYPE A Rh+ TYPE B Rh- TYPE AB TYPE O Blood

Type A Whole Blood Antibody Antigen Antigen Antibody A b RBC Blood

Type B Whole Blood Antibody Antigen Antigen Antibody B a RBC Blood

Antigens Type AB Whole Blood Antibodies Antigen A Antigen B RBC Blood

a b Blood Type O Whole Blood B RBC Antigens Antibodies Antibody

Blood Rh+ Whole Blood B a RBC Antigen Antibody Antibody Rh+ Antigen

Antigen Rh- Whole Blood Antibody Antigen Antibody B a RBC Blood

BLOOD TYPE COMPATIBILITY COMPARISONS Type A RBC Type B RBC Type A plasma Type AB plasma Type A plasma Type AB plasma Type B plasma Type O plasma Type B plasma Type O plasma Type AB RBC Type O RBC Type A plasma Type AB plasma Type A plasma Type AB plasma Type B plasma Type O plasma Type B plasma Type O plasma Blood

A b Blood RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type A RBC crossed with Type A Plasma Antigen Antibody A b RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

a A Blood a RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible Type A RBC crossed with Type B Plasma Antigen Antibody Antibody a a A RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible NO Blood

A Blood RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type A RBC crossed with Type AB Plasma Antigen A RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

a A b Blood a RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible Type A RBC crossed with Type O Plasma Antigen Antibody Antibody a a A Antibody b RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible NO Blood

B a Blood a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type B RBC crossed with Type B Plasma Antigen Antibody Antibody B a a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

B b Blood a RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible Type B RBC crossed with Type A Plasma Antigen Antibody Antibody B a b RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible NO Blood

B Blood a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type B RBC crossed with Type AB Plasma Antigen Antibody B a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

a B b Blood a RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible Type B RBC crossed with Type O Plasma Antibody Antigen Antibody a B a Antibody b RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible NO Blood

A b B Blood A B RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible Type AB RBC crossed with Type A Plasma Antigen Antigen Antibody A A b Antigen Antigen B B RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible NO Blood

a A B Blood A B RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible Type AB RBC crossed with Type B Plasma Antigen Antigen Antibody A a A Antigen Antigen B B RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible NO Blood

A B Blood A B RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type AB RBC crossed with Type AB Plasma Antigen Antigen A A Antigen Antigen B B RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

a A b B Blood A B RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible Type AB RBC crossed with Type O Plasma Antigen Antigen Antibody a A A Antibody Antigen Antigen b B B RBC Agglutination YES Hemolysis YES Compatible NO Blood

b Blood B a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type O RBC crossed with Type A Plasma Antigen Antibody Antibody B a b RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

a Blood B a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type O RBC crossed with Type B Plasma Antigen Antibody Antibody B a a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

Blood B a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type O RBC crossed with Type AB Plasma Antigen Antibody B a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood

a b Blood B a RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible Type O RBC crossed with Type O Plasma Antigen Antibody Antibody a B a Antibody b RBC Agglutination NO Hemolysis NO Compatible YES Blood